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World History > Finals First Semester > Flashcards

Finals First Semester Flashcards

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0
Q

Characteristics of the Old Stone Age?

6

A
  • hunters and gathers
  • weapons made of wood, stone, or bone
  • clothing
  • created a spoken language
  • nomadic
  • learned to build fires
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1
Q

What’s a historian?

A

A person who studies how people lived in the past using documents and artifacts

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2
Q

What was the Old Stone Age called?

A

Paleolithic Age

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3
Q

What was the Neolithic Revolution?

A

People converted from hungering and gathering and being nomadic to settling in permanent villages and learned to farm.

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4
Q

8 features of civilization?

A
  • cities -public works
  • organized government
  • arts and architecture
  • complex religion
  • job specialization
  • social classes
  • writing
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5
Q

Reasons for change of civilizations

4

A

Trading, foreign invaders, new ideas, changed of powers

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6
Q

What was the New Stone Age called?

A

Neolithic Age

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7
Q

Characteristics of the New Stone Age

5

A
  • switched to farming
  • permanent villages
  • produced own food
  • domesticated animals
  • settled by rivers
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8
Q

What’s cultural diffusion?

A

Spread of culture and technology to different places in the world

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9
Q

Characteristics of the Old Kingdom of Egypt

4

A
  • built pyramids
  • strong, central state taxes
  • farming and irrigation
  • pyramids were used as tombs for pharoahs (showed wealth and power)
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10
Q

The Old Kingdom of Egypt was also known as the….

A

Pyramid Age

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11
Q

What caused the fall of the Old Kingdom?

3

A
  • power struggles
  • crop failures
  • cost of pyramids
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12
Q

What were hieroglyphics,

A

For of picture writing developed by the Ancient Egyptians

Developed after the need to keep records of business deals

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13
Q

Advantages of the Nile River

4

A
  • Transportation
  • Food and water source
  • provided fertile plains for farming
  • location advantage (middle of a desert)
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14
Q

Ancient Sumer was made up of…

A

Small, independent city-states

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15
Q

What was Hammurabi’s Code?

A

First set of laws for an ancient civilization

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16
Q

The Phoenicians

4

A
  • sailors, traders, and manufacturers
  • created an alphabet (used to record business deals)
  • spread middle eastern civilization around the Mediterranean
  • based in trade
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17
Q

Geography of Greece

3

A
  • peninsula divided by mountains
  • fertile farmland
  • isolated valleys (led to the formation of city-states)
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18
Q

Strategies in the Peloponnesian war

A

Athens- naval

Sparta- land

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19
Q

What’s an aristocracy?

A

Government headed by a privileged minority or upperclass

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20
Q

What’s a democracy?

A

Government in which citizens vote on day to day affairs

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21
Q

What’s a monarchy?

A

Government in which a King or queen exercised central power

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22
Q

The Persian wars were between who?

A

Persia vs Athens and Sparta

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23
Q

Results of the Persian War

3

A
  • Greeks won
  • golden Age for Athens
  • Delian League was created
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24
Q

The Peloponnesian War was between whom?

A

Athens vs Sparta and Persia

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25
Q

What was the cause of the Peloponnesian war?

A

Misuse of funds won in the Persian war to build Athens

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26
Q

Why is geography important to history?

A

Physical characteristics of the land and time period affect the events and civilizations

27
Q

Alexander the Great’s achievements

2

A
  • spread of Greek culture throughout Europe and Asia

- Alexandria, Egypt (lighthouse, library)

28
Q

Characteristics of Spartan society

6

A
  • focused on war and protection
  • boys began military training at age 7
  • helots did all non military work
  • looked down upon trade and travel
  • isolated from other city states
  • government made up of two kings and a council of elders
29
Q

Characteristics of Athenian society?

5

A
  • focused on learning
  • boys could take any profession
  • Solon= wise, trusted leader. Created mor government positions
  • evolved from a monarchy to an aristocracy to a direct democracy
  • many slaves
30
Q

Roman law

3

A
  • civil laws and law of nations
  • presumed innocent into proven guilty
  • accused could present a defense in front of the judge and the accuser
31
Q

Who was Pericles?

A

Leader of Athens during the golden age

Spoke the funeral oration, pointing out the power rested in the hands of the people, not the minority

32
Q

What was the Golden Age of Athens?

A

Period of prosperity and economical growth for Athens after the Persian war

33
Q

What are aqueducts?

A

Bridge like stone structures that carried water from the hills to the cities of Rome

34
Q

What are plebeians?

A

Members of the lower class in Ancient Rome, including merchants, farmers, artisans, and traders

35
Q

What are tribunes?

A

Officials in Ancient Rome who was elected by the plebeians to protect their interests

36
Q

What did Charlemagne do?

4

A
  • revived Latin learning
  • created an empire
  • proclaimed Emperor of Rome after quelling a rebellion against the church
  • created an organized, efficient government
37
Q

Results of the Peloponnesian war

3

A
  • lasted 27 years
  • Sparta and Persians won
  • brought an end to Athenian dominance
38
Q

What was Pax Romana?

A

Period of peace in Rome

Means “roman peace”

39
Q

What did Diocletian do?

A

Divided the empire into two to make it easier to govern

40
Q

What emperor did Pax Romana end with?

A

Marcus Aurelius

41
Q

Effects of winning an empire

4

A
  • policy of Imperialism
  • control of trade brought riches to Rome
  • slave use hurt farmers
  • corruption and greed became a problem
42
Q

What did Constantine do?

A

Moved the capital to the east in hopes of reuniting the empire

43
Q

Reasons for the fall of Rome

4

A

Military- needed more soldiers, hired mercenaries. They drained war funds and weren’t loyal to Rome
Economic- heavy taxes and population decline
Social- selfish upperclass and loss of values
Political- corruption and lost support of people

44
Q

Who were the Franks?

2

A

Strongest of the Germanic Tribes

-Frankish King Clovis wins favor of the pope after converting to Christianity

45
Q

The manor economy was based in

A

Farming and self sufficiency

46
Q

What did Monks and nuns do in the Middle Ages?

3

A
  • preserved ancient writing
  • missionaries
  • provided basic civil services (school, housing, care for the sick)
47
Q

The agricultural revolution

6

A
  • iron plows
  • used horses
  • bigger fields
  • 3 field system
  • led to population growth
  • windmills ground flour
48
Q

Who was Charlemagne?

A

Son of Charles Martel, leader of the Franks

49
Q

Characteristics of the Church

2

A
  • men and women were seen as equal before god, but women were seen and inferior because they were easily led to sin
  • nobles sold church positions and exploited it for their own interests
50
Q

What were the Cluniac reforms?

A

Reforms made by Pope Gregory to control corruption
- marriage fir priests was outlawed
- prohibited the selling of church positions
Christian faith was soon restored

51
Q

What was the Magna Carta?

A

Document signed by King John, saying that the monarch was not above the law.

52
Q

What did Henry II do?

A

Created royal judicial system, juries, and power of the purse

53
Q

What was the goal of the Crusades?

A

To win back/ free the holy land

54
Q

What were the results of the Crusades

2

A
  • Church power declines

- religious hatred grows

55
Q

What was the Reconquista?

A

Campaign to drive the the Italians out of Spain during the Black Plague

56
Q

The Concordant of Worms

2

A

Signed by William the Conqueror

- resolved conflict between pope and emperor over appointing bishops in the church

57
Q

Groups in the feudal system

A

Lords
Vassals
Serfs
Knights

58
Q

Schism

A

Permanent division in a church

59
Q

What is common law?

A

System of law that is the same for all people, based on court decisions that have become accepted legal principles

60
Q

William the conqueror

A
  • Concordant of Worms
  • Domesday book- complete census of England
  • first to use a census for tax collection
61
Q

Crusade

A

Holy war

62
Q

Effects of the Black Plague

A

-Church power declines
Crimes and violence escalate
- dramatic population decline
- feudal system collapses

63
Q

What does vernacular mean?

A

Everyday language of ordinary people

64
Q

What’s scholasticism???

A

Using reason to support Christian beliefs

65
Q

Joan of Arc

5

A
  • French General
  • 17 yr olds
  • boosted morales of French troops during the 100 years war and led France to many victories
  • captured and burned at the stake by the English
  • named a saint

World History (11 decks)

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