The Industrial Revolution

Question 1

What is the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 1

The Industrial Revolution refers to the transition to new manufacturing processes in Great Britain, continental Europe, and the US where products were no longer produced solely by hand but by machines. This occurred around 1760-1820.

Question 2

Differentiate the cottage/home industry from the factory system.

Answer 2

The cottage/home industry involved a family and one or two hired persons and they produced their goods using simple tools. The factory system used heavy machinery for production and involved a large percentage of unskilled workers.

Question 3

What was the first change made when people transitioned from the cottage industry to the factory system?

Answer 3

The first change was the volume of production. The factory could produce in large quantities while the cottage industry was limited in the amount of goods it could produce.

Question 4

Where and when did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Answer 4

Britain in the 1760’s in the textile/cloth industry

Question 5

Hand-looms, hand-spinning, and hand weaving was replaced by new machinery such as Edmund Cartwright’s ______

Answer 5

automatic weaving machine

Question 6

The revolution later spread to other areas of Europe such as?

Answer 6

France & Germany

Question 7

The industrial revolution was made possible largely because of the introduction of three new sources of power, what are they?

Answer 7

electricity, steam & oil

Question 8

What were the three sources of power used prior to the revolution?

Answer 8

water, animal & wind

Question 9

What was the main source of power prior to the revolution

Answer 9

water

Question 10

disadvantage of water as a source of power

Answer 10

Factories had to be built near rivers or streams in order to access power or to operate whatever old machinery existed. This limited the number of factories that could be built. Also the amount that could be produced depended on the availability of water

Question 11

what were the new building materials introduced

Answer 11

steel & iron

Question 12

What was the chief building material prior to the revolution?

Answer 12

wood

Question 13

What change was made to factories and other buildings with the introduction of new building materials?

Answer 13

factories and other buildings could be higher, bigger, and sturdier.

Question 14

In ____ a printing press was built entirely out of ____.

Answer 14

1800, iron

Question 15

The first paper was constructed in _______ in ____

Answer 15

England, 1803

Question 16

By ____ the iron printing oress was being powered by steam

Answer 16

1811

Question 17

What were the changes that were made to transportation and how were those changes beneficial?

Answer 17

Horses & carriages were replaced by cars & railways and Simple oar boats and sail ships were replaced by steamships.

This opened the market and made the world more accessible. With faster, cheaper , more efficient modes of transportation, goods and services can now travel from towns, from one country to another to be sold.

Question 18

Which country is known as the ‘workshop of the world’

Answer 18

England

Question 19

Which British man perfected the steam engine and in what year did he do it?

Answer 19

James Watt, 1769

Question 20

Robert Fulton invented the steam boat, it was a commercial vessel, where was its first route?

Answer 20

between New York and Albany

Question 21

What is Robert Fulton’s nationality?

Answer 21

American

Question 22

In what year did Robert Fulton invent the steam boat?

Answer 22

1807

Question 23

Who perfected the locomotive/railway?

Answer 23

George Stephenson

Question 23

Who perfected the locomotive/railway in 1829?

Answer 23

George Stephenson

Question 24

What is George Stephenson’s nationality?

Answer 24

British

Question 25

How did George Stephenson perfect the locomotive?

Answer 25

he used steam traction on the tramway

Question 26

From his quantitative study of electrolysis he created the _________ in 1831.

Answer 26

electric dynamo

Question 27

Which British man gave us electricity as a source of power?

Answer 27

Michael Faraday

Question 28

Fox Talbot invented ____________________ in ____. Before this it took _____ hours to produce a picture

Answer 28

instantaneous photography in 1841, six hours to produce

Question 29

What is Fix Talbot’s nationality?

Answer 29

British

Question 30

A French man constructed the Suez Canal. It joined two seas, what are they?

Answer 30

the Red sea & Mediterranean Sea

Question 31

Who constructed the Suez Canal in 1869 and on date did it open?

Answer 31

Ferdinand de Lesseps, November 17, 1869

Question 32

What is Gottlieb Daimler’s nationality?

Answer 32

German

Question 33

In what year was the internal combustion engine invented and what was it used for?

Answer 33

1884, used to power the first car

Question 34

Who invented the combustion engine in 1884?

Answer 34

Gottlieb Daimler

Question 35

By ____ (year) the Industrial Revolution spread to the other side of the world beginning in the USA. (second phase)

Answer 35

1870

Question 36

Positive Effects of the Industrial Revolution?

Answer 36

1) Many new professions were created- the most noted one of all was engineering because there were many new things to design

2) The factories employed a large number of unskilled workers.- there was also an increase in the demand for various skilled workers such as carpenters and professionals such as engineers so there was an increase in the employment level.

3) The numbers of cities and towns grew at a rapid rate- with each new factory or office that was built, many unknown areas became busy and lively places of interest.

4) Some towns and ports became famous- not only did business flourish in these towns but more parents were willing to send their children away from rural areas to study in these towns.

5) There was a great increase in the middle class in society- more person were able to afford a better standard of living. They sent their children to prestigious school & universities.

6) Migration occurred at a faster rate- the steamboat and Suez Canal brought people from different countries and continents together. some migrated for work and others for adventure

7) After a while a number of middle class persons began to lobby for the introduction of Trade Unions to protect workers’ rights. This gave them an important avenue to power. - some of them wen ton to become members of Parliament for their constituencies.

Question 37

What two towns opened their railway system to public traffic in 1830?

Answer 37

Liverpool & Manchester

Question 38

Negative effects of the industrial revolution

Answer 38

1) It led to the use of child labor in factories - employees were willing to hire children because they were paid less.

2) The illiteracy rate was high among children - the children who worked in factories did not get to attend school on a regular and formal basis because their parents could not afford it. In some cases their parents were not available to supervise them so they became truants.

3) The employers took advantage of their employees - in most factories working conditions were deplorable. In many instances not enough sanitary