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History > The Cuban Revolution > Flashcards

The Cuban Revolution Flashcards

1
Q

Fulgencio Batista became president of Cuba for the second time in what year?

A

1952

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2
Q

What is the capital of Cuba?

A

Havana

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3
Q

Havana became America’s “_________”?

A

favourite playground

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4
Q

People did not allow blacks to enter hotels or beaches unless?

A

unless they worked there

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5
Q

Give a 12 letter word beginning with “p” that describes what one of the Cubans’ favourite hobbies was.

A

Prostitution

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6
Q

When was the only time that most poor people were employed?

A

During the planting and reaping seasons when they were needed on sugar and coffee estates

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7
Q

Define ‘seasonal employment’

A

Seasonal employment refers to the employment of poor people to work on sugar and coffee estates when they were needed during the planting and reaping seasons but then they were without jobs for the rest of the year.

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8
Q

Why did Batista do nothing about the low wages that were being given to the Cubans that worked on the sugar estates?

A

Because the Americans controlled the sugar estates and he wanted to please them.

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9
Q

Define ‘squalor’

A

squalor was used to describe the unpleasant life that most of the Cubans were living prior to the revolution.

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10
Q

Why was there a revolution in Cuba?

A

The living conditions that most of the Cubans were living under needed to change.

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11
Q

On which date did Fidel Castro and a band of rebels take over Cuba and where did Batista flee to?

A

They took over Cuba on January 1, 1959 then Batista fled to Florida for refuge

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12
Q

What changes did Castro bring about leading up to the revolution?

A

He built new schools and made education obligatory and free. Since more children were going to school, the illiteracy rate decreased.

He made improvements to the health care sector.

There was an end to the discrimination against afro-Cubans then new laws were passed as an attempt to get rid of prejudice.

He established a housing scheme and reduced utilities and rent son that the less fortunate wouldn’t be taken advantage of by greedy landlords.

More job opportunities through the opening of new industries that were owned by Cuban gojkvernment

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13
Q

Define communism

A

a political system in which the government / state controls the wealth and production of the country.

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14
Q

From which bank did Castro access loans?

A

Soviet union

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15
Q

What was the effect of the Cuban Revolution on Caribbean countries?

A

The US was very angry about their losses and didn’t agree with communism so they punished any Caribbean country that developed a close relationship with Fidel and Cuba by refusing to lend them any money.

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16
Q

What were some of the issues in Cuba before Castro?

A

there were economic inequalities, racism, political issues, and corruption.

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17
Q

In which year did Cuba gain independence?

A

1902

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18
Q

Define the Cuban Revolution

A

The Cuban revolution was an armed uprising which began with an unsuccessful assault on Cuban military barracks, led by Fidel Castro on July 26 1953 which eventually toppled the brutal dictatorship of Fulgencio Batista and forced him to flee the island on January 1, 1959.

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19
Q

This agreement gave the US the right to intervene militarily in Cuba to protect its interest there.

A

The Platt Amendment

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20
Q

Which country was at the center of Cuban affairs?

A

The US

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21
Q

Invoking the Platt Amendment, the US would occupy Cuba between which years?

A

1906 and 1909 and continue to intervene in later years

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22
Q

Fulgencio Batista was one of the reasons there was a revolution in Cuba, why?

A

Batista was a corrupt and brutal leader. He became president of Cuba for the second time in 1952 but this time he led as a dictator and ruled Cuba under a harsh dictatorship. He used terrorist methods to execute anyone who opposed him. He allowed the US to control over 90% of many of Cuba’s industries and so the US was getting more of the profits.

During his tenure, Batista became only concerned with gaining the likings of the Cuban upper and middle class rather than the whole Cuban populace. His style of leadership, also was very authoritarian and that was evident when he refused to step down when his tenure expired. That resulted in a lot of political violence and corruption.

Batista was undertaking major investments such as opening up Cuba for gambling investments. However, the money made was not being contributed towards social & economic developments but instead for Batista’s own purposes.

23
Q

What were some causes of the revolution?

A

US intervention, social problems, economic problems and Fulgencio Batista

24
Q

Who passed the Platt Amendment?

A

The US Congress

25
Q

How did US intervention become a reason for the people wanting a revolution?

A

US owned 40% of Cuba’s sugar lands, 90% of their mines, 80% of their utilities & almost 100% of the oil industries. Due to this, Cuba saw little development since most of its profits were US bound so Cubans wanted less US intervention in their affairs.

26
Q

What are the social problems that led to a revolution?

A

Almost 25% of the population was illiterate which led to the spread of revolutionary ideologies as people wanted greater access to education which Castro had promised them. In addition to this, over 40% of the population was unemployed so people could not provide for their families and hunger was widespread. Only 10% of homes had electricity and only 15% had running water. There was also a lack of proper health care so there many outbreaks of diseases and a lot of deaths too. The people felt that the government was not doing enough.

27
Q

What did Castro promise the Cubans in his manifesto?

A

to return power to the people, redistribute land, introduce worker profit sharing and pensions, attack corruption, improve education, nationalize public utilities, introduce rent controls, solidarity with other Latin Americans and diversify the economy.

28
Q

Whom was referred to as a nationalist who wanted what was best for the Cuban people and Cuba?

A

Fidel Castro

29
Q

What were the economic problems in Cuba?

A

Some Cubans lived in great poverty, sugar production was seasonal, and the sugarcane cutters who only worked four months out of the year were all unemployed, in debt and living on the margins of survival. Cuba’s economy was also falling in debt as the price in sugar was failing and the US owned the majority.

30
Q

On which date was Batista born and on which date did he die?

A

Born on January 16, 1901 and died on August 6, 1973

31
Q

What was Batista’s occupation before he was president?

A

Solider and political leader

32
Q

Through which years was Batista president of Cuba?

A

1933-44 then again 152-59

33
Q

In what year was Batista elected president?

A

1940

34
Q

How was Fulgencio Batista a cause for revolution?

A

During his second term, he ruled Cuba as a dictator using terrorist methods and making fortunes just for himself and his associates. He openly worked in coalition and was favored by the US. In addition he was a very corrupt and brutal leader who favored those of the upper class. He murdered 20,000 people and misappropriated funds .

35
Q

In what year did Cuba and the Soviet Union formalize ties?

A

1960

36
Q

In what year were US assets nationalised in Cuba?

A

1960

37
Q

On which date was the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A

April 17, 1961

38
Q

What was used by the US to try stopping missile shipments to Cuba?

A

quarantines and blockades

39
Q

In what month of 1962 was the end of the missile crisis and what were the promises made?

A

In October, the Soviet Leader told Kennedy that the work on missile sites would be halted and that missiles already in Cuba would be returned to the Soviet Union. In return, Kennedy committed the US to never invading Cuba.

40
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs invasion?

A

an abortive invasion of Cuba financed and directed by the US government in April 1961 by some 1,500 Cuban exiles opposed to Fidel Castro. The invaders suffered a huge defeat.

41
Q

Spanish name for the Bay of Pigs?

A

Bahía de Corchinos

42
Q

Another name for the Bay of Pigs in english and spanish

A

Girón Beach
Playa Girón

43
Q

Explain the Bay of Pigs invasion

A

On April 15, 1961, 3 Us made airplanes piloted by Cubans bombed Cuban air bases. Two days later, the Cubans trained by the US and using US equipment landed at several sites. The principal landing took place at The Bay of Pigs on the south-central coast. by April 19, its last stronghold had been captured by Castro’s troop along with 1,100 men. Supporters of Batista were included in the invasion whereas people considered to be the most capable anti- castro group were excluded.

44
Q

Explain the Cuban Missile Crisis

A

On April 19th 1962, Castro responds to the US role in the invasion by declaring Cuba a socialist country and moving even closer into the Soviet sphere. He began to hide Soviet Nuclear missiles, such missiles could hit much of the eastern US within a few minutes if launched from Cuba. Many efforts were made by the US to stop this when they found out in 1962 such as quarantines and blockades. However, in October there was an agreement for the missiles to return to the Soviet union and in return Kennedy committed the US to never invading Cuba.

45
Q

In what year was Castro born?

A

1929

46
Q

Where did Castro study and what did he study?

A

He studied law at the University of Havana

47
Q

Who was Fidel’s brother?

A

Raul Castro

48
Q

What prison were Fidel and his brother jailed in and for how long were they sentenced?

A

Isla de Pinos prison
Fidel- 15 yrs
Raul - 13yrs

49
Q

After how many years was Castro released from prison?

A

2 yrs

50
Q

Who joined Castro in 1955?

A

Che Guevara

51
Q

Why did Castro go to Mexico?

A

To prepare a revolution against Batista

52
Q

What stage of the revolution occurred in 1956?

A

Castro launched a revolutionary war from Mexico. Then he arrives in the Sierra Maestra Mountains and wages a guerilla campaign against the Batista government

53
Q

What was the purpose of a guerilla warfare?

A

to cause upheaval in Cuba

54
Q

How did Castro and Che attack the sugarcane fields?

A

They tied rats to a gasoline soaked sponge and then they set the sponges on fire so that rats would run in the sugarcane fields.

History (7 decks)

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