The Individual Neuron and the Organization of the Nervous System Flashcards
Soma
Cell body contains the nucleus of the cell
Dendrites
Tree like extensions of the soma
Myelin sheath
On the axons, make conduction of nerve impulses and therefore informations processes more rapidly
Nodes of ranvier
He gaps between the different cellular components of the myelin sheath
Presynaptic terminals
Contain neurochemical substances (neurotransmitter) which are released into the neighboring cells to provide chemical signaling
Psychological processes
Sensation, perception, learning, memory and motor control all involve the fundamental electrical and chemical properties of neurons and these processes emerge from the stream of chemical and electrical activity of networks or neurons that are communications with each other
Chemical transmission
Transducer into a number of different types of chemical and electrical changes in the neuron which spread from the original point of stimulation
Transduction
Refers to the conversion of one type of signal into another type of signal or one type of energy into another type of energy, causes electrical changes in the cell and the whole process is repeated again and again
Synapse
The point of functional connection between two neurons which is formed by the presynaptic terminal the postsynaptic membrane and the space between them, the synaptic cleft
Receptors
Proteins that detect the neurotransmitter
CNS central nervous system
Included the brain and the spinal cord the most protected structures of the nervous system and they are surrounded by the skull and the vertebral column respectively
PNS peripheral nervous system
Refers to the rest of the nervous system included sensory motor and autonomic components
Axon and terminal
Transmitting pole of neuron
Nucleus
In the CNS group of cell bodies in the brain, grey matter
Ganglion
In the PNS groups of cell bodies, grey matter
