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Psychology > Sensory Processes > Flashcards

Sensory Processes Flashcards

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1
Q

Physical stimuli

A

light and sound are examples of

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2
Q

Chemical information

A

taste and smell are examples of

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3
Q

Mechanical information

A

touch and hearing are examples of

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4
Q

Electromagnetic information

A

vison is an example of

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5
Q

Psychophysics

A

the psychology of sensation to the physics of sensation

uses a measure called just noticeable difference (JND)

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6
Q

threshold

A

minimum amount of physical stimulus intensity necessary for detection

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7
Q

Stevens Power Law

A

the relation between the physical and the psychological intensity of a stimulus is linear on a log/log coordinate scale

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8
Q

Loudness

A

refers to the amplitude of change of the stimulus

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9
Q

Ultrasound

A

heard by rodents and bats

higher than 20,000HZ

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10
Q

Pitch

A

the psychological variable that is related to the physics; dimension of frequency

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11
Q

Infrasound

A

lower than 20 HZ

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12
Q

Hearing range for a human

A

20-20,000 Hz

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13
Q

Eardrum

A

in the inner ear responds to vibration and in turn vibrations are conveyed through the middle ear ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup) into the cochlea

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14
Q

Cochlea

A

snail shaped organ in the inner ear filled with fluid and the fluid vibrates when the ossicles vibrate

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15
Q

Ossicles

A

tiny bones made-up of the hammer anvil and stirrup vibrate when the eardrum vibrates

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16
Q

Basilar membrane

A

in the cochlea also vibrate in response to sound

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17
Q

sensory receptors for hearing

A

tiny hairs which have cilia transduce vibrations into neural signals

18
Q

frequency principle

A

the frequency action potentials matches the frequency vibrations

*most of the sound range neurons cannot firs fast enough to track the sound pressure fluctuations

19
Q

place principle

A

explains the transduction from frequency into psychological pitch

20
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum

A

physical stimulus is a small fraction of this

21
Q

Visible spectrum

A

the part of the spectrum that humans detect

22
Q

retina

A

performs transduction

23
Q

optic nerve

A

leaves eye and conveys information to the brain

24
Q

optic chiasm

A

partial crossing of nerves

25
Q

LGN lateral geniculate nucleus

A

visual relay area of the thalamus, innervates primary visual cortex

26
Q

occipital lobe

A

visual association cortex

27
Q

Rods

A

in the retina as sensory receptor for black and white and nocturnal vision

28
Q

Cones

A

in the retina for color vision

29
Q

fovea (fovea centralis)

A

in the center portion of the retina that contains the highest concentration of receptor cells

30
Q

blind spot (scotoma)

A

does not have any sensory receptor cells because it is the area where all the axons from the retina cells bundle together to form the optic nerve and here is no transduction of light

31
Q

Receptor layer

A

the back layer has rods and cones

32
Q

bipolar cells

A

the next layer, form the synapse with the receptors on one side and with ganglion cells in the next layer

33
Q

ganglion cells

A

bundle together in the retina exit the eye through the blind spot and become the optic nerve

34
Q

visual field

A

the two eyes have and overall what

35
Q

dark adaption

A

occurs in respons to low levels of light, reflects the process in which visual threshold gradually gets lower and the subject becomes more sensitive to low levels of light

36
Q

photopic vision

A

“day vision” the visual process used when background light is high

high acuity, good color vision, lack of sensitivity to low levels of light

37
Q

scoptopic vision

A

the visual process when the background light is low

poor acuity, little to no color vision, high sensitivity

38
Q

central scotoma

A

blind spot in the center of the visual field

39
Q

Trichromatic Theory

A

three different types of cones in the retina each has a different pigment and therefore detects a different primary color

true at the level of receptor cells such that there are 3 different types of cones with 3 different patter of color sensitivity

40
Q

Process Theory of Color

A

two opponent processes exist at the ganglion cell level

red vs green
blue vs yellow

proved by color blindness

41
Q

negative afterimage effect

A

when an intense colored image is taken away a person sees a momentary flash of the opposite or complimentary color

Psychology (8 decks)

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