The immune system Flashcards

1
Q

In eosinophils, do the granules contain basic or acidic proteins?

A

BASIC- and therefore are stained by acidic dyes

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2
Q

In basophils, do the granules contain basic or acidic proteins?

A

ACIDIC - therefore are stained by basic dyes.

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3
Q

What are the 4 other things that basophils contain in their granule?

A

Histamine, leukotrines, vasoactive mediators and platelet activating factor

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4
Q

What do mast cells contain in their granules?

A

Histamine and heparin - these have a role in allergy. They affect vascular permebality.

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5
Q

What is the difference between red and yellow marrow?

A

Red- involved in haematopoesis
Yellow - made up of adipocytes

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6
Q

Describe how location of haematopoesis changes throughout life (birth and adulthood)?

A

AT birth, haematopoesis occurs in all medullary cavities.

In adulthood, haematopoesis is restricted to axial skeleton and the rest of the medullary cavities are left with just adipocytes.

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7
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

Anterior/superficial to heart but posterior to sternum.

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8
Q

How do mature lymphocytes enter secondary lymphoid tissues?

A

via High endothelial venules (HEV)

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9
Q

How do lymph vessels drain tissue fluid from connective tissue?

A

Via the thoracic duct to the left venous angle between the interior jugular vein and subclavian vein.

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10
Q

Where would you commonly find lymph nodes?

A

Neck and groin

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11
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

to filter lymph from tissues/

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12
Q

Lymph nodes are made up of cortex, paracortex and medulla regions. Where are B and T cells located in the lymph nodes?

A
  1. B cells are located in the primary and secondary follicles in the cortex.
  2. T cells are located in the paracortex region.
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13
Q

Which part of the lymph node does the HEV enter?

A

Paracortex

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14
Q

Where is the spleen located?

A
  • Posteriorly with left ribs 9-11, but separated from them via the diaphragm superiorly.
  • It rests on the left colic flexure of the large intestine.
  • Sits on left side of abdomen within hypochondrium region
  • sits at the tip of the pancreas
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14
Q

What are the two main components of the spleen and what are their roles?

A

Red Pulp - responsible for filtration and removal of damaged blood cells

White Pulp - similarities to lymph node, packed with T cells, B cells and dendritic cells.

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15
Q

Where are T cells located in the spleen?

A

Periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS)

16
Q

Where are B cells located in the spleen?

A

Beyond the sheath where T cells are located, in a corona around a germinal centre.

17
Q

Mucosa associated lymphoid tissues (MALT) are a secondary lymphoid tissue. Where are they located (3 different tracts) ?

A

found under epithelium of :
1. Respiratory tract
2. Gastrointestinal tract
3. Genitourinary tract

18
Q

Gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) are part of overall MALT. What is included in GALT?

A
  1. appendix
  2. Peyers patch
  3. Tonsils and adenoids
19
Q

What are the 3 different types of tonsils?

A
  1. Palatine tonsils - sit at back of throat
  2. Tubal tonsils - sit in nasopharynx
  3. Lingual tonsils - sit at base of tongue
20
Q

What are adenoids (pharyngeal tonsil) and where are they located?

A

Type of tonsil which is located high in nasopharynx behind nasal cavity and soft palate.

21
Q

Which cells in the cortex present antigen to T cells on MHC class 1 and 2 ?

A

Cortical epithelial cells

22
Q

Where are Peyer’s Patch (a part of GALT) located ?

A

In the mucosa of the small intestine particularly ileum

23
Q
A