The immune system Flashcards
In eosinophils, do the granules contain basic or acidic proteins?
BASIC- and therefore are stained by acidic dyes
In basophils, do the granules contain basic or acidic proteins?
ACIDIC - therefore are stained by basic dyes.
What are the 4 other things that basophils contain in their granule?
Histamine, leukotrines, vasoactive mediators and platelet activating factor
What do mast cells contain in their granules?
Histamine and heparin - these have a role in allergy. They affect vascular permebality.
What is the difference between red and yellow marrow?
Red- involved in haematopoesis
Yellow - made up of adipocytes
Describe how location of haematopoesis changes throughout life (birth and adulthood)?
AT birth, haematopoesis occurs in all medullary cavities.
In adulthood, haematopoesis is restricted to axial skeleton and the rest of the medullary cavities are left with just adipocytes.
Where is the thymus located?
Anterior/superficial to heart but posterior to sternum.
How do mature lymphocytes enter secondary lymphoid tissues?
via High endothelial venules (HEV)
How do lymph vessels drain tissue fluid from connective tissue?
Via the thoracic duct to the left venous angle between the interior jugular vein and subclavian vein.
Where would you commonly find lymph nodes?
Neck and groin
What is the function of lymph nodes?
to filter lymph from tissues/
Lymph nodes are made up of cortex, paracortex and medulla regions. Where are B and T cells located in the lymph nodes?
- B cells are located in the primary and secondary follicles in the cortex.
- T cells are located in the paracortex region.
Which part of the lymph node does the HEV enter?
Paracortex
Where is the spleen located?
- Posteriorly with left ribs 9-11, but separated from them via the diaphragm superiorly.
- It rests on the left colic flexure of the large intestine.
- Sits on left side of abdomen within hypochondrium region
- sits at the tip of the pancreas
What are the two main components of the spleen and what are their roles?
Red Pulp - responsible for filtration and removal of damaged blood cells
White Pulp - similarities to lymph node, packed with T cells, B cells and dendritic cells.