The Immune Response II Flashcards
What cytokines influence the switch to IgA?
TGF-B
What cytokines influence the switch to IgE?
IL-4
What cytokines contribute to granulomatous reactions?
IL-4, IFN-y.
How do IL-4 and IFN-y contribute to granulomatous reactions?
They promote the retention of macrophages and cause fusion of monocytes at the reaction site, leading to an epitheloid cell granuloma derived from macrophages, histiocytes, and epitheloid cells.
What mediators are the primary activators of macrophages?
IFN-y; microbial products.
What types of immune cells are prominent in graft-vs-host reactions?
NK cells.
Which cytokines can activate NK cells?
IL-2, IL-12, IFN-y.
What cytokines are stimulated by PAMP?
IL-1, IL-6, IL-12; promotes increased MHC Class II expression
What activates NK-kb?
PAMP binding to TLR.
What receptor pathway activates IFN-y?
JAK/STAT
What inflammatory mediators activate phagocytic cells for removal of a damaging agent?
IL-8, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein (MIP), and IFN-y
What cytokines downregulate IL-8, IL-1, and TNFa of the initial inflammatory response?
IL-4, IL-10, TGFb
What cytokines are endogenous pyrogens?
IL-1, IL-6, TNFa
What cell types are activate IL-5?
T cells, mast cells.
What inflammatory mediator causes sepsis, cachexia, pyrexia and acute phase proteins tumor cell lysis?
TNFa
What inflammatory mediator induces PMN-endothelial cell adhesion?
TNFa
What inflammatory mediator activates macrophages, PMNs, and Tc cells?
TNFa
What is the function of GM-CSF?
To stimulate myelomonocytic cell growth and differentiation into DCs
What cell types activate IFN-y?
Th1 cells, NK cells.
Name three functions of IL-1, IL-6, and TNFa.
1.) Induce the acute phase response; 2.) Endogenous pyrogens; 3.) Induce MCP and IL-8.
Name three functions of TGF-b
1.) Acts as a potent wound healing agent; 2.) Acts as a potent immunosuppressive agent inhibiting IL-2 effects and proliferation of many cell types; 3.) Promotes the switching of B cells to IgA synthesis
What mediators are responsible for inducing anaphylactic shock?
TNFa, IL-1, IL-6, PAF, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, histamine.
