The Immune Response II

Question 1

What cytokines influence the switch to IgA?

Answer 1

TGF-B

Question 2

What cytokines influence the switch to IgE?

Answer 2

IL-4

Question 3

What cytokines contribute to granulomatous reactions?

Answer 3

IL-4, IFN-y.

Question 4

How do IL-4 and IFN-y contribute to granulomatous reactions?

Answer 4

They promote the retention of macrophages and cause fusion of monocytes at the reaction site, leading to an epitheloid cell granuloma derived from macrophages, histiocytes, and epitheloid cells.

Question 5

What mediators are the primary activators of macrophages?

Answer 5

IFN-y; microbial products.

Question 6

What types of immune cells are prominent in graft-vs-host reactions?

Answer 6

NK cells.

Question 7

Which cytokines can activate NK cells?

Answer 7

IL-2, IL-12, IFN-y.

Question 8

What cytokines are stimulated by PAMP?

Answer 8

IL-1, IL-6, IL-12; promotes increased MHC Class II expression

Question 9

What activates NK-kb?

Answer 9

PAMP binding to TLR.

Question 10

What receptor pathway activates IFN-y?

Answer 10

JAK/STAT

Question 11

What inflammatory mediators activate phagocytic cells for removal of a damaging agent?

Answer 11

IL-8, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein (MIP), and IFN-y

Question 12

What cytokines downregulate IL-8, IL-1, and TNFa of the initial inflammatory response?

Answer 12

IL-4, IL-10, TGFb

Question 13

What cytokines are endogenous pyrogens?

Answer 13

IL-1, IL-6, TNFa

Question 14

What cell types are activate IL-5?

Answer 14

T cells, mast cells.

Question 15

What inflammatory mediator causes sepsis, cachexia, pyrexia and acute phase proteins tumor cell lysis?

Answer 15

TNFa

Question 16

What inflammatory mediator induces PMN-endothelial cell adhesion?

Answer 16

TNFa

Question 17

What inflammatory mediator activates macrophages, PMNs, and Tc cells?

Answer 17

TNFa

Question 18

What is the function of GM-CSF?

Answer 18

To stimulate myelomonocytic cell growth and differentiation into DCs

Question 19

What cell types activate IFN-y?

Answer 19

Th1 cells, NK cells.

Question 20

Name three functions of IL-1, IL-6, and TNFa.

Answer 20

1.) Induce the acute phase response; 2.) Endogenous pyrogens; 3.) Induce MCP and IL-8.

Question 21

Name three functions of TGF-b

Answer 21

1.) Acts as a potent wound healing agent; 2.) Acts as a potent immunosuppressive agent inhibiting IL-2 effects and proliferation of many cell types; 3.) Promotes the switching of B cells to IgA synthesis

Question 22

What mediators are responsible for inducing anaphylactic shock?

Answer 22

TNFa, IL-1, IL-6, PAF, leukotrienes, prostaglandins, histamine.