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The human organism Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Organisms structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Organisms functions and processes

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3
Q

Gross/Macroscopic anatomy

A

Studied without a microscope

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4
Q

Regional anatomy

A

Type of gross/macroscopic anatomy

Studied area by area

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5
Q

Systemic anatomy

A

Type of gross/macroscopic anatomy

Studied system by system

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6
Q

Surface anatomy

A

Type of gross/macroscopic anatomy

Study the eternal form and its relation to deeper structures

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7
Q

Microscopic anatomy

A

Structures seen without a microscope

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8
Q

Cytology

A

Type of microscopic anatomy

Cellular anatomy

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9
Q

Histology

A

Type of microscopic anatomy

Study of tissues

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10
Q

Anatomical position

A

body erect, face forward, feet together, palms face forward

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11
Q

Supine

A

lying face upwards

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12
Q

Prone

A

lying face downwards

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13
Q

Superior (cephalic)

A

A structure above another structure (closer to the head)

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14
Q

Inferior (Caudal)

A

A structure below another structure (closer to the tail)

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15
Q

Medial

A

A structure closer to the midline of the body

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16
Q

Lateral

A

A structure further away from the midline of the body

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17
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Closer to the front of the body (toward the belly)

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18
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Closer to the back of the body (toward the back)

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19
Q

Proximal (linear structures - limbs)

A

Closer to the point of attachment to the body

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20
Q

Distal (linear strucures - limbs)

A

Farther from the point of attachment to the body

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21
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the surface

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22
Q

Deep

A

Farther away from the surface

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23
Q

Planes

A

Separate the body

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24
Q

Median plane

A

Through the vertical midline of the body (from face on)

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25
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical through the body but to the left or right of the median

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26
Q

Frontal/Coronal plane

A

Through the vertical midline of the body (from side on)

Divides body into anterior and posterior

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27
Q

Transverse/horizontal plane

A

Through horizontal midline of the body

Divides body into superior and inferior

28
Q

Oblique plane

A

Through the body but not at a right angle

29
Q

Biopsy

A

Branch of histology

Removal of tissue for diagnostic purposes

30
Q

Autopsy

A

Branch of histology

Examination of organs of a dead body to determine cause of death

31
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Basement membrane
Avascular
Regenerate

32
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

Protect underlying structures
Act as barrier
Secrete substances
Absorb substances

33
Q

Connective tissue

A

Everything thats not muscle, nervous tissue or epithelial - includes blood
Abundant
Cells separated by extracellular matrix

34
Q

Avascular

A

No blood supply

35
Q

Functions of connective tissue

A 
Tendons and ligaments 
Support and movement - bones 
Storage - fat 
Transport - blood 
Protect - cells of immune system
36
Q

Blasts

A

Cell of connective tissue
Creates matrix
Osteoblast - makes bone

37
Q

Cytes

A

Cell of connective tissue

Maintains matrix

38
Q

Clasts

A

Cell of connective tissue

Break matrix down for remodelling

39
Q

Adult connective tissue

A

Connective tissue proper
Supporting connective tissue
Fluid connective tissue

40
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

Loose

Dense

41
Q

Connective tissue proper - Loose

A

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

42
Q

Connective tissue proper - Dense

A

Regular collagenous
Regular elastic
Irregular collagenous
Irregular elsitc

43
Q

Supporting connective tissue

A

Cartilage

Bone

44
Q

Supporting connective tissue - Cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
AVASCULAR

45
Q

Supporting connective tissue - Bone

A

Spongy

Compact

46
Q

Fluid connective tissue

A

Blood

Hemopoietic

47
Q

Fluid connective tissue - Blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets

48
Q

Fluid connective tissue - Hemopoietic tissue

A

Red marrow

Yellow marrow

49
Q

Ossification

A

Formation of bone by osteoblasts

50
Q

Lacunae

A

Spaces occupied by osteocyte cell body

51
Q

Canaliculi

A

Canals occupied by osteocyte cell processes

52
Q

Woven bone

A

Collagen fibers randomly oriented

Formed during fatal development and fracture repair

53
Q

Remodelling

A

Removal of old bone and adding new

Even remodelled into lamellar

54
Q

Lamellar bone

A

Mature bone in sheets called lamellae
Fibers oriented in one direction in each layer
Each direction different layer

55
Q

Trabeculae

A

Interconnecting rods or plates of bone - like scaffolding

56
Q

Osteon system

A

Compact bone

Central canal

57
Q

Perforating canal

A

Compact bone

Perpendicular to long axis

58
Q

Diaphysis

A

Long bone structure
Shaft
Compact bone

59
Q

Epiphysis

A

Long bone structure
End of bone
Spongy bone

60
Q

Epiphyseal plate

A

Long bone structure

Growth plate

61
Q

Epiphyseal line

A

Long bone structure

Bone stops growing in length

62
Q

Medullary cavity

A

Long bone structure
Red marrow in children
Change to yellow in limb bones and skull

63
Q

Periosteum

A

Long bone structure
Two outer layers of bone
Outer - fibrous
Inner - single layer bine cells

64
Q

Sharpey’s fibres

A

Some periosteal fibres penetrate through periosteum into bone
Strengthen attachment of tendon to bone

65
Q

Endosteum

A

Long bone structure
More cellular than periosteum
Lines internal spaces - includes spaces in spongy bone

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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