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Human Anatomy > Muscles > Flashcards

Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Tendon

A

Muscle to bone

Part of muscular and skeletal system

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2
Q

Origin

A

Fixed end
Most stationary
Proximal end of muscle

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3
Q

Insertion

A

Mobile
Distal end of muscle
Undergoes greatest movement

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4
Q

Belly

A

Part of muscle between origin and insertion

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5
Q

Agonist

A

Muscle contracting in pair

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6
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle relaxing in pair

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7
Q

Synergists

A

Muscles that work in groups

Each muscle can belong to more than one synergist

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8
Q

Prime mover

A

Muscle that plays a main role out of the group of synergists

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9
Q

Fixators

A

within synergists

Stabilise the origin of a prime mover

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10
Q

Muscles grouped into 3 main classes

A

Pennate
Straight
Orbicular

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11
Q

Pennate muscle

A 
Produces the greatest force 
Most muscles involved in movement 
Striated - contracting these directions 
Bipennate 
Semipennate 
Multipennate
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12
Q

Bipennate

A

Fibres arranged on either side on a common tendon

Barbs on a feather

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13
Q

Semipennate

A

Or unipennate

Muscle with fibres on one side go the tendon

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14
Q

Multipennate

A

Muscle fibres arranged at many places around a central tendon

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15
Q

Straight Muscle

A

Fibres parallel to long axis of the muscle

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16
Q

Orbicular muscle

A

Fibres arranged in a circle around an opening

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17
Q

Specific muscle shapes

A 
Quadrate 
Rhomboidal 
Fusiform 
Trapezium 
Triangular
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18
Q

Digastric

A

Muscles with multiple components such as two bellies

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19
Q

Bicipital

A

Muscle with two origins

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20
Q

Quadrate muscle

A

Four sided

Right angles

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21
Q

Rhomboidal muscle

A

Four sided with no right angle

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22
Q

Fusiform muscle

A

Spindle shape

Tapered either end

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23
Q

Trapezium muscle

A

Four sided

no right angles or parallel sides

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24
Q

Triangular muscle

A

Three sided

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25
Q

Lever systems

A

Lever - bone
Fulcrum - joint
Weight - force of gravity
Class i, ii and iii

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26
Q

Class I lever

A

Fulcrum located between pull and the weight
Seesaw
Posterior neck muscles contact to cause neck extension (face is the weight and joint in neck acts as fulcrum)

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27
Q

Class II lever

A

Weight between fulcrum and the pull
Wheelbarrow
Muscles contract to open jaw (pull) and mandible is weight. TMJ joint is fulcrum

28
Q

Class III

A

Most common
Pull located between fulcrum and weight
Biceps brachii contracts to pull the the radius (lever) which flexes the elbow (fulcrum) and elevates hand (weight)

29
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Neck - 2
One contracting alone - Laterally flexes head and neck to same side/rotates head to opposite side
Both contract together - Flexes neck

30
Q

Trapezius

A

Neck - 1

Extends and laterally flexes neck

31
Q

Erector spinae group

A

Superficial back muscles grouped together

Extending, laterally flexing and rotating the vertebral column

32
Q

Thorax (thoracic cavity)

A

Rib cage cavity from neck to diaphragm

33
Q

Thoracic muscles

A 
4 main groups of the thorax muscles: 
Scalenes 
External intercostals 
Internal intercostals 
Transversus thoracics
34
Q

Diaphragm

A

Muscle of the thorax
Major movement produced by quiet breathing
Dome shaped
During contracting, dome flattens and thoracic cavity increases causing inspiration

35
Q

Inspiration

A

Rest - Diaphragm contracts and rib cage is elevated by external intercostal muscles
Exercise - Diaphragm contracts and scalene elevates first two ribs more forcefully casing an increase in thoracic volume

36
Q

Expiration

A

Rest - Diaphragm relaxes af muscle groups relax
Exercise - Diaphragm relaxes and internal intercostal muscles and transverses thoracis depress the ribs causing a decrease in thoracic cavity volume

37
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Flexes vertebral column and compresses abdomen

38
Q

External and internal abdominal oblique

A

Flex and rotate vertebral column
Compress abdomen
Depress thorax

39
Q

Transversus abdominis

A

Compress abdomen

40
Q

Deltoid (anterior, medial and posterior)

A

Flexes and extends shoulder
Abducts
Medially and laterally rotates arm

41
Q

Coracobrachialis

A

Abducts the arm and flexes the shoulder

42
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Flexes shoulder
Adducts
Medially rotates arm

43
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

addicts and medially rotates arm

Extends shoulder

44
Q

Teres major

A

Extends shoulder
Adducts arm
Medially rotates arm

45
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Hold head of humerus in place at glenoid cavity

46
Q

Rotator cuff comprised of

A 
Infraspinatus 
Subscapularis 
Suprasinatus 
Teres minor 
All shoulder movement
47
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Arm
Flexes shoulder and elbow
Supinates forearm and gand

48
Q

Brachialis

A

Arm

Flexes elbow

49
Q

Tricep brachii

A

Arm
Extends elbow
Extends arm
Adducts arm

50
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Forearm

Flexes elbow

51
Q

Pronator teres

A

Forearm

Pronates forearm

52
Q

Supinator

A

Forearm

Supinates forearm

53
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Extends hip

54
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Abducts thigh

55
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Abducts though

56
Q

Piriformis

A

Abducts thigh

57
Q

Tensor fasciae latae

A

Thigh
Flexes hip
Abducts
Medially rotates thigh

58
Q

Vastus Lateralis

A

Thigh

Help make up quadriceps

59
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

Thigh

Help make up quadriceps

60
Q

Sartorius

A

Thigh

Flexes hip and knee

61
Q

Vastus medialis

A

Thigh

Help make up quadriceps

62
Q

Vastus intermedius

A

Thigh

Help make up quadriceps

63
Q

Hamstring

A

Semitendiosus
Semimembranosus
Biceps femoris

64
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Calve (posterior)

Plantar flexes foot and flexes knee

65
Q

Soleus

A

Calve (posterior)

Plantar flexes foot

66
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Calve (anterior)

Dorsiflexes foot

Human Anatomy (8 decks)

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