the human nervous system

Question 1

neural tube formation

Answer 1

‘neurulation’ The folds meet and coalesce in the middle line and convert the groove into the closed neural tube

Question 2

neural canal

Answer 2

The ectodermal wall of the tube forms the rudiment of the nervous system. The centre of the tube is the neural canal.

Question 3

spina bifidia ‘open spine’

Answer 3

neural tube doesn’t close over properly, a hole is made so spinal nerves and spinal cord bulge out
nerves that stick out get damaged
causing motor defects and handicaps

Question 4

anencephaly ‘open skull’

Answer 4

the absence of a major portion of their brain scalp and skull
don’t survive for very long

Question 5

folic acid

Answer 5

can prevent NTDs

Question 6

fluid filled vesicles that occur on the neural tube (primary brain vesicles)

Answer 6

1) prosencephalon
2) mesencephalon
3) rhombencephalon

Question 7

prosencephalon

Answer 7

forms the forebrain

Question 8

mesencephalon

Answer 8

forms the mid brain

Question 9

rhombencephalon

Answer 9

forms the high brain

Question 10

(secondary brain vesicle) diencephalon

Answer 10

has optic vesicles

Question 11

the outpocketings

Answer 11

fold in on themselves to produce the brain

Question 12

rostral end

Answer 12

part of the neural tube that forms the brain

Question 13

the spinal cord development

Answer 13

retrains it’s tubular shape

Question 14

grey matter in spinal cord

Answer 14

processes and cell bodies (somas)

Question 15

white matter in spinal cord

Answer 15

axons

Question 16

difference between white and grey matter in brain and spinal cord

Answer 16

in the spinal cord the grey matter is the butterfly of somas in the middle with extensions sprouting out as white matter (axons)
in the brain grey matter is on the outside in the cortex (cell bodies)
arranged in the opposite way

Question 17

the SC encased

Answer 17

in the spinal canal

bony vertebrae

Question 18

spinal cord nerves

Answer 18

dorsal root- (dorsal root ganglian containing cells bodies of afferent nerves)
DAVE
dorsal- afferent (axons into the spinal cord)
Ventral-Efferent (taking motor nerves out of spinal cord to effectors)

Question 19

dorsal root

Answer 19

carries sensory input into spinal cord

Question 20

ventral root

Answer 20

carries motor commands out of the spinal cord

Question 21

spinal discs

Answer 21

stop the vertebrae from touching each other

Question 22

L 4 / L5 in spinal cord

Answer 22

there is a fibrous cushion between discs in spine which contains nucleus pulpous, which can herniate causing pain when pressure in put of the lower back

Question 23

spinal interneurons

Answer 23

connect sensory and motor neurons

Question 24

by how many days should the neural tube be closed over

Answer 24

26!

The entire nervous system derives from the ectoderm. Part of the ectoderm the neural plate will change from a flat sheet of cells to a groove, known as the neural groove. The walls of the neural groove are known as neural folds and these start to move together before fusing dorsally to form the neural tube. This formation of the neural tube occurs at roughly 26 days.