cell types

Question 1

types of cells and quantity

Answer 1

10^10- 10^11 neurons (excitable cells)
and
more than 10^11 non neurnal cells = neuroglia
i.e non excitable support cells

Question 2

types of neurones

Answer 2

unipolar (soma in middle but at end of extra extension) >—I—<

bipolar (soma in middle)

multipolar (soma at end, typical)

long axons (golgi type 1)

short axons (golgi type 2)

no axons

Question 3

example of unipolar cells

Answer 3

dorsal root ganglia
most senosry neurons?
A dorsal root ganglion (or spinal ganglion) (also known as a posterior root ganglion), is a cluster of nerve cell bodies (a ganglion) in a dorsal root of a spinal nerve. The dorsal root ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons (afferent)

Note: unipolar neurons are sometimes called pseudo-unipolar because they originate embryologically as bipolar neurons

Question 4

example of bipolar cells

Answer 4

retinal cells (middle of retina)
olfactory epithelium, the retina of the eye, and ganglia of the vestibulocochlear nerve

relatively rare

Question 5

example of multipolar cells

Answer 5

most common type
located in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and in autonomic ganglia.

normally in areas that need to communicate to lots of other cells e.g. in the hippocampus for memory

pinal motor neurons (symmetrical dendritic field)

pyramidal neurons

Purkinje cells (planar dendritic field)

cerebellar granule cells

Question 6

glial cell types

Answer 6

Macroglia
microglia
ependyma

Question 7

macro glia divisions

Answer 7

astrocytes (fibrous and protoplasmic)
oligodendrotcytes
glioblasts
schwann cells

Question 8

microglia

Answer 8

macrophage cells primary immune cells of the CNS

Question 9

ependyma

Answer 9

thin neuroepithelium
ventricles
CSF areas?

Question 10

astrocytes

Answer 10

star shaped 
multiple long processes
enwrap
- blood vessels
processes 
syanpses 

form the glia limitans

Question 11

Oddites

Answer 11

olefactory receptor

• olfactory vescles and cilia
• replaced

olefactory granule cells
- no axons (axaonic)
dendrodentritic synapses

Question 12

glial limitans

Answer 12

The glia limitans, or the glial limiting membrane, is a thin barrier of astrocyte foot processes associated with the parenchymal basal lamina surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Question 13

fibrous vs protoplasmic astrocytes

Answer 13

FIBROUS:

• white matter
• many intermediate filaments

PROTOPLASMIC

• grey matter
• shorter, stouter processes
• fewer intermediate filaments

Question 14

specialised astrocytes

Answer 14

RETINAL MULLER CELLS
columnar cells
span width retina

RADIAL GLIA
e.g. bergmann glia cerebellum
span from pia to purkinje cell layer
stem cells adult/developing brain