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The Holocaust Flashcards

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1
Q

Who created the term Genocide and when?

A

Professor Raphael Lemkin in 1944

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2
Q

The Herero and Nama Genocide

A

Early 1900’s, took place in Namibia

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3
Q

Namibia was originally called

A

German South West Africa

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4
Q

In ____________ Herero chief _____________ and Nama chief ______________

A

1904
Samuel Maharero
Hendrik Witbooi

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5
Q

Leader of German military

A

General Lothar van Trotha

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6
Q

In _______: _____ Herero & ____ Nama killed

A

1908
80%
50%

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7
Q

The Cambodian Genocide

A

Between 1975 - 1979

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8
Q

Communist group ___________________ led by _______________ took over the country

A

Khmer Rouge
Pol Pot

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9
Q

1979

A

Vietnamese army invaded Cambodia overthrowing Khmer Rouge and ending their brutal regime

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10
Q

Rwandan Genocide

A

In 1994

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11
Q

800 000 people mostly Tutsi’s were brutally killed in just ________ days

A

100

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12
Q

Rwanda was colonised by

A

Belgians

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13
Q

Rwanda inhabited by

A

Hutu and Tutsi

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14
Q

Belgians favoured the ____________ which led to _____________

A

Tutsi’s
Ethnic tension

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15
Q

Nazi targeted groups and badge on clothes:

A

Jews: yellow star (star of David)
Gypsies: purple star
Homosexual: pink triangle

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16
Q

Nazi’s regarded Jews and other targeted groups as

A

Untermensch or subhuman

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17
Q

Other groups targeted for racial and other reasons

A
  • Slavs
  • Romani/Sinti/‘Gypsies”
  • Baltic people
  • People with disabilities
  • Gay men
  • Political and religious opponents
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18
Q

Death camps were built to

A

Ensure mass murders were carried out

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19
Q

In Judaism the Holocaust is referred to as ___________ which means _______________ in __________

A

Shoah
“Calamity”
Hebrew

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20
Q

Hitler believed that Germans were members of a superior group called “__________” race or ________

A

Aryan
Herrenvolk

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21
Q

Jewish population of less than 1% of Germany

A

Census of 1933

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22
Q

Who influenced Hitler’s racial ideas

A

Austrian politicians:
- Georg Ritter Von Schönerer = German nationalist
- Karl Lueger = Vienna Mayor

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23
Q

Public servants who were considered non-Aryan were dismissed from jobs

A

7 April 1933: banned from practicing the law and barred from being doctors or other professions

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24
Q

Hitler released the Nuremburg Laws

A

September 1935

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25
Q

The Nuremburg law banned/restricted Jews from

A
  • Joining the army
  • Marrying Germans = Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour & existing ‘mixed’ marriages were dissolved
  • Stripped Jews of their citizenship, subjects not citizens = Reich Citizenship Law
  • No right to vote
  • Could not be appointed to any office state
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26
Q

Jews were forced to sell their businesses

A

Towards the end of 1937

27
Q

Jews banned from owning certain things and going to school

A

1938

28
Q

Nazis claimed that Jews were a race defined by

A

Birth and by blood

29
Q

Nazis looked to

A

Family genealogy to define race

30
Q

Segregation of Jews began in

A

1935

31
Q

Isolation of Jews including actions such as

A
  • Signs outside towns
  • Passports stamped with large J
  • Jews forced to use obvious Jewish names
  • Jews prohibited from attending/using public facilities
32
Q

Jews were deported to Poland

A

1938

33
Q

Kristillnacht

A

9-10 November 1938

34
Q

Early November

A

Von Ruth a German diplomat in Paris assassinated by a Jew

35
Q

Nazi used this as an

A

Excuse to unleash a mob attack on Jews in Germany - pogram

36
Q

_______ Jewish synagogues set alight and over _______ Jewish shops destroyed

A

119
800

37
Q

Reason for the name Kristallnacht

A

Many shop windows were smashed

38
Q

Kristallnacht or

A

Night of the broken glass

39
Q

1939

A

Hitler told the Reichstag that if war came it could mean ‘the destruction of the Jewish race in Europe’

40
Q

WW2 broke out on ________________ when _____________

A

September 1939
Nazi invaded Poland

41
Q

Nazi’s dominated most of Europe

A

By 1941

42
Q

Ghettos originated from the name

A

Of the Jewish quarter in Venice, Italy established in 1516

43
Q

What did the Nazis do while the Ghettos took place?

A

Nazi leadership in Berlin deliberated upon options to realise the goal of removing the Jewish population

44
Q

Jews only got what food in the Ghettos?

A

Bowl of soup a day
Loaf of bread a week

45
Q

Living conditions of the Ghettos

A
  • Very crowded
  • Sicknesses like tuberculosis and dysentery
  • Lack of medicine
46
Q

Established first Ghetto in

A

Poland on October 1939

47
Q

Largest Ghetto in Poland

A

Warsaw Ghetto

48
Q

If Jews were too old/sick they would be

A

Shipped to labour camps where they would work until they died

49
Q

Nazi appointed __________________ or __________________ to __________________________________

A

Jewish councils
Judenrete
Administer daily life in the Ghettos

50
Q

Final Solution

A

Beginning in late 1941

51
Q

Final Solution goal

A

To murder all European Jews

52
Q

Forms of unarmed defiance

A
  • Organised attempts at escaping from the ghettos into nearby forests
  • Illegal smuggling of food, medicine, weapons/intelligence into the ghettos
  • Spiritual resistance
53
Q

Examples of Spiritual resistance

A
  • Cultural and educational activities
  • Secret religious meetings
54
Q

Secret underground library

A

Częstochowa, Poland serviced 1000 readers

55
Q

German authorities did not always forbid

A

Cultural activities

56
Q

Forms of cultural activities

A
  • Concerts
  • Lectures
  • Theatrical productions
  • Cabarets
  • Art contests
57
Q

At ____________ in _________, ________ Jewish ____________ groups existed

A

Warsaw
1940
600
Prayer

58
Q

Prayers helped with

A
  • Sustaining morale
  • Reaffirmed a cultural and religious identity
  • Supplied spiritual comfort
59
Q

Many _______________ Jews viewed prayers and religious as the _______________________________

A

Orthodox /traditional
Truest form of resistance

60
Q

Largest uprising of all

A

The Warsaw Ghetto Uprising

61
Q

Between 1941 - 1943

A

Underground resistance movements developed in approx. 100 ghettos

62
Q

Underground resistance movements happened especially in

A
  • Poland
  • Lithuania
  • Belorussia
  • Ukraine
63
Q

First years of persecution

A

1933, Hitler gave the first order to boycott all Jewish shops and businesses (SA soldiers protested in the streets)

64
Q

Kristallnacht was a

A

Turning point in Germany

History (7 decks)

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