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Anatomy Exam 1 > The heart and pericardium > Flashcards

The heart and pericardium Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardial Tympani

A

Too much blood under your pericardium causes the heart to be strangled.

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2
Q

Middle Mediastinum boundaries

A

Superiorly- sternal angle T4/5
Inferiorly- xiphisternum / T9
Laterally on left - 5th intercostal space in midaxillary line
Laterally on right - along sternal border

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3
Q

What is the parietal layer composed of?

A

Serous epithelium- continous with the visceral layer

Fibrous layer- continous with the adventia of the great vessels entering and leaving the heart.

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4
Q

Where is the Transverse Sinus located?

A

It is above the entry of the 4 pulmonary veins

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5
Q

Where is the Oblique Sinus located?

A

it is between the pulmonary veins.

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6
Q

Which sinus is bigger?

A

The oblique sinus

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7
Q

Where are the sinuses located and how can they be accessed?

A

Both sinuses are located posteriorly and can be accessed only from the left side.

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8
Q

Heart and the epithelium that surrounds it.

A

The cavity itself is surrounded by serous epithelium (outside of balloon)

Fist is considered the heart

Outside of the balloon is a fibrous material

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9
Q

Anatomical features of the right atrium

A 
Fossa Ovalis
Musculi Pectinati
Opening of coronary sinus
Crista terminalis
Valve of inferior vena cava
openings of superior and inferior vena cavae
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10
Q

Anatomical features of the right ventricle

A

Tricuspid valves (anterior, posterior, septal)
Chorda tendinae
Papillary muscles (anterior, posterior, septal)
Trabeculae carnae
Moderator band (septomarginal trabeculae)

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11
Q

Anatomical features of the left atrium

A

Valve of foramen ovale

Openings of pulmonary veins

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12
Q

Anatomical features of the left ventricle

A 
Bicuspid valves (anterior, posterior)
Chorda tendinae
Papillary muscles (anterior, posterior)
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13
Q

Left Coronary arteries

A
  1. Anterior descending artery (interventricular)

2. Circumflex artery

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14
Q

Right Coronary arteries

A
  1. Right marginal artery

2. Posterior descending artery (interventricular)

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15
Q

Cardiac veins

A
  1. Great cardiac vein (anterior interventricular vein)
  2. Middle cardiac vein
  3. Coronary sinus
  4. Small cardiac vein
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16
Q

Innervation of the heart

A

Parasympathetic: Vagus nerve
Sympathetic: postganglionic fibers from T1-T5
Intrinsic: SA node

17
Q

Parasympathetic innervation to the heart is provided by what nerve?

A

Vagus nerve

18
Q

Sympathetic innervation to the heart is provided by what nerve?

A

postganglionic fibers from T1-T5

19
Q

Intrinsic innervation to the heart is provided by what nerve?

A

SA node (pacemaker)

20
Q

Order of conduction

A

SA node to AV node to Bundle of His which includes the moderator band.

21
Q

What is the moderator band?

A

A muscular band of heart tissue found in the right ventricle of the heartand frequently extends from the base of the anterior papillary muscle to the ventricular septum

22
Q

Projection of the heart valves vs. Auscultation of the heart valves

A

Projection of the heart valves

Pulmonary semilunar valve: 3rd costo-sternal junction on the left
Aortic semilunar valve: 3rd costo-sternal junction on the left
Bicuspid (mitral) valve: 4th intercostal space to the left of the sternum
Tricuspid valve: behind sternum at 4th rib

Auscultation of the heart valves

Pulmonary semilunar valve: 2nd intercostal space to the left of sternum
Aortic semilunar valve: 2nd intercostal space to the right of sternum
Bicuspid (mitral) valve: 5th intercostal space on the left at the mid-clavicular line (below the left nipple in males)
Tricuspid valve: 5th intercostal space to the left of sternum

23
Q

What is Atropine?

A

Atropine blocks ACH. We know that the parasympathetic nervous system releases ACH twice. Therefore if this is administered instead of the heart slowing down the heart speeds up.

24
Q

What system does beta blockers inhibit?

A

The sympathetic system.

25
Q

Fossa Ovalis

A

Is located at the wall between the right and the left atrium.
Depression made after birth from structure utilized during fetal development

26
Q

Musculi Pectinati

A

Roughness on the inside of the right atrium

27
Q

Opening of coronary sinus

A

Blood coming from the coronary vessels that are connected to the big vein in the back of the heart dumps into right atrium.

28
Q

Crista terminalis

A

Is an are where the SA node is located

29
Q

Chorda tendinae

A

Cords that are connected to the tricuspid valve. These cords connect the tricuspid to the papillary muscles.

30
Q

papillary muscles

A

Contract to prevent prolapse of the AV valves during systole (contraction)

31
Q

How does blood enter the coronary arteries?

A

The strong force from the closure of the aortic semilunar valve forces blood into the coronary arteries.

Anatomy Exam 1 (25 decks)

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