Introduction to Behavioral Medicine and Development

Question 1

What is the Biomedical Model?

Answer 1

Focuses on the diseased state. Therefore absence of disease, absence of risk factors, immunity through vaccinations and antibiotics, or socially accepted mental status equaled HEALTHY! And healthy was our main concern.

Question 2

What is the Biopsychosocial Model?

Answer 2

Model of health that allows for the interplay between the 6 dimensions of health and also views health as an ever changing continuum.

Question 3

What is a symptom?

Answer 3

Any sensation or change in bodily function that is experienced by a patient. A patient’s sensory experience. It may not even be perceived as abnormal or troublesome.

Question 4

What does nosological mean

Answer 4

A branch of medicine that deals with the classification of a disease.

Question 5

What is an illness?

Answer 5

State of poor health resulting from a disease (Self-defined in a person’s mind)
Disease + Person = Illness

Question 6

What is behavioral medicine?

Answer 6

Incorporation of how other factors such as Age/stage of development, culture, race, spirituality, sexual orientation etc. impact your health in contrast to looking at symptoms and disease as a point in time problem.

Question 7

What are the core principles of Behavioral Medicine?

Answer 7

1. Behavioral Health
2. Health Psychology
3. Integrative Medicine
4. Integrated Mental Health

Question 8

What is behavioral medicine?

Answer 8

Incorporation of how other factors such as Age/stage of development, culture, race, spirituality, sexual orientation etc. impact your health in contrast to looking at symptoms and disease as a point in time problem.
Focuses on issues relating to the person not the disease.

Question 9

What are the core principles of Behavioral Medicine?

Answer 9

1. Usage of biopsychosocial and relationship centered approaches to care.
2. Promotion of patient self-efficacy and behavioral change as primary factors in health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management.

Question 10

What are the core principles of Behavioral Medicine?

Answer 10

1. Usage of biopsychosocial and relationship centered approaches to care.
2. Promotion of patient self-efficacy and behavioral change as primary factors in health promotion, disease prevention, and chronic disease management.
3. Integration of psychological and behavioral knowledge into the care of physical symptoms and disease. (basically incorporate how they think and how they behave into our care and understanding)
4. Integration of sociocultural factors into the delivery of health care services.
5. Understand life-cycle and development
6. Encourage healthcare providers to be more reflective and take a better look at how we are influenced by factors such as age, sex, culture, etc.

Question 11

According to the chart provided what was the leading cause of death in the 1900’s and what caused the least amount of death?

Answer 11

Pneumonia, Diphtheria

Question 12

What was the leading cause of death in the 2000? What was the second?

Answer 12

Heart Disease followed by cancer.

Question 13

What are the differences in death charts from the 1900’s to the 2000’s and what does it reveal?

Answer 13

The top three causes of death from the 1900’s were due to infectious diseases. However in 2000’s death was largely due to genetics, lifestyle, and old age.

Question 14

Which model uses the reductionist approach i.e explain illness by the simplest possible process such as disordered cells?

Answer 14

Biomedical

Question 15

Which model believes that people are not responsible for the disease?

Answer 15

Biomedical

Question 16

What are the weakness of the Biomedical Model?

Answer 16

1. A biochemical alteration does not translate directly into an illness? I.e people can have the same genetic makeup a one may have a disease and the other may not have the disease.
2. Psychosocial variable are more important determinants of susceptibility, severity, and course of illness (psychosocial factors are more indicative of whether you will get a disease)
3. Success of most biological treatments are still influenced by psychosocial factors. (ex. could be that some patients may not want to take medication or may not follow their medication regime.)

Question 17

Who pointed out the weaknesses in the Biomedical Model?

Answer 17

Engel

Question 18

Dualism represents which model?

Answer 18

Biomedical model- It is the idea that the role of the mind and body are seperate and that they do not influence one another.

Question 19

What is psychosomatic Illness?

Answer 19

Phenomenon in which a patients mental state can influence their health resulting in symptoms that can not be traced to any physical or pathophysiological change.

Question 20

What are the 6 dimensions of Health and Wellness. (Note that this slide is basically to say that there are multiple proven dimensions of health therefore as healthcare providers we can not just focus on one or two.)

Answer 20

1. Physical body functioning
2. Intellectual - the ability to think clearly and reason objectively
3. Social - Ability to have satisfying relationships
4. Self-esteem and self-efficacy
5. Environment - appreciation for environment and an individuals role in it.
6. Spiritual

Question 21

Which model assumes that illness is to a large extent dependent on lifestyle>

Answer 21

Biopsychosocial Model

Question 22

What are some Biological Factors?

Answer 22

1. Genetic
2. Viruses
3. Hormones and neurotransmitters

Question 23

What are some Psychological Factors?

Answer 23

1. Cogntions - beliefs and expectations
2. Emotions - Fear of treatment
3. Behaviors - Alcohol consumption, unsafe sex
4. Perception of stress and pain.

Question 24

What are some Cultural and Social factors/

Answer 24

1. . Social Norms - Smoking / Not smoking
2. Pressures to Change
3. Social values on health
4. Class/Status
5. Cultural Norms
6. Ethnicity
7. Employement

Question 25

What are some Psychological Factors?

Answer 25

1. Cognitions - beliefs and expectations
2. Emotions - Fear of treatment
3. Behaviors - Alcohol consumption, unsafe sex
4. Perception of stress and pain.

Question 26

When we add the person in the equation of diseased state we are forced to consider what?

Answer 26

A person's:
1. Perception
2. Understanding
3. Coping strategies
4. Resiliency
which all result from said persons' age/stage of development, their gender, family origin, social support, and past experiences.