The Heart (Anatomy and Physiology) Flashcards
functions of the heart?
-regulates blood supply
-generates blood pressure
-routes blood
-ensures 1 way blood flow`
layers of the heart wall?
know what they are and what muscle is in each
-epicardium (pericardium?): made up of simple squamous and loose ct
-myocardium: made up of cardiac muscle
-endocardium: made up of simple squamous
TRUE or FALSE: cardiac muscle is striated?
TRUE!
what are the 4 chambers of the heart?
left and right atriums, left and right ventricles
what separates the left and right atria?
the interatrial septum
what separates the left and right ventricles?
the interventricular septum
know the valves and where they are located?
atrioventricular valves (tricuspid and bicuspid): between atria and ventricles
semilunar valve (aortic and pulmonary): between ventricles and blood vessels
what type of blood does the right side of the heart have?
deoxygenated
what type of blood does the left side of the heart have?
oxygenated
process of which blood travels through the heart:
-right atrium to tricuspid valve to right ventricle to pulmonary valve to pulmonary trunk to pulmonary arteries
-from pulmonary veins to left atrium to bicuspid valve to left ventricle to aortic valve to aorta to body
where does the right coronary artery supply blood to?
the right ventricle
where does the left coronary artery supply blood to?
the anterior heart and left ventricle
where does the coronary sinus drain into?
the right atrium
know the 3 cardiac muscle action potential phases:
-depolarization phase
-plateau phase
-repolarization
order of conduction system of the heart
-sa node
-av node
-av bundle
-purkinje fiber
know the components of an EKG:
-p wave: depolarization of atria
-QRS complex: depolarization of ventricles
-t waves: repolarization of ventricles
what does systole mean?
contraction
what does diastole mean?
relaxation
what produces the sounds of the heart?
the closure of the heart valves!
what makes up the cardiac output?
stroke volume times heart rate
what are baroreceptors?
receptors that monitors blood pressure!
what is coronary artery disease?
there is a decrease blood supply to the heart due to the coronary arteries being narrowed
what is another name for a myocardial infarction?
a heart attack!
what is a myocardial infarction?
a closure of one or more coronary arteries, thrombus (clot) or blockage
know the types of heart procedures:
angioplasty
stents
bypass
what is a cardiac cycle?
all the events the occur during one single heart beat
in the cardiac cycle, what is the relationship between area and pressure?
inverse! when one decreases, the other increases (vice versa)
how is homeostasis maintained using baroreceptors?
-when blood pressure increases, heart rate and stroke volume decreases
-when blood pressure decreases, heart rate and stroke volume increases
