Blood Vessels (Anatomy and Physiology)

Question 1

functions of the blood vessels?

Answer 1

-carry blood
-exchange nutrients, waste products, gases within tissues
-transport substances
-regulate blood pressure
-direct blood flow to tissue`

Question 2

know the vessel structures?

Answer 2

arteries: away from the heart
veins: visit the heart
capillaries: exchange occurs between blood and tissue fluid (where blood changes from deoxygenated to oxygenated)

Question 3

know the general blood flow through blood vessels:

Answer 3

arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins

Question 4

what 3 layers make up a blood vessel wall?

Answer 4

-tunica intima: innermost layer made up simple squamous
-tunica media: middle layer made up of smooth muscle and elastin + collagen fibers
-tunica adventitia: outermost layer made up of connective tissue

Question 5

what can arterioles and capillaries remind you of?

Answer 5

branches off a tree

Question 6

what can veins remind you of?

Answer 6

streams to creeks to rivers!

Question 7

what are precapillary sphincters?

Answer 7

ring of muscle that regulates how much blood flow enters capillaries to veins

Question 8

know the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation:

Answer 8

pulmonary circulation: carries blood from RV to lungs and back to LA
-pulmonary trunk: pumps blood from RV toward lungs, carries to arteries
-pulmonary arteries: exits lungs and carries oxygenated rich blood to LA

Question 9

know the parts of the aorta:

Answer 9

-ascending: passes superiorly from LV
-aortic arch: 3 major arteries that carry blood to head and upper limbs
-descending: extends through thorax and abdomen to pelvis

Question 10

understand the arteries of the head and neck and where they supply blood to:

Answer 10

-brachiocephalic: to the right side of the head/neck and upper limbs
-right common carotid: to the right side of head and neck
-right subclavian: to the right upper limbs
-left common carotid: to left side of head/neck
-left subclavian: left upper limbs
-external carotid: to face and scalp
-internal carotid: to brain

Question 11

understand the major arteries of the brain:

Answer 11

-vertebral
-basilar
-posterior cerebral
-posterior communicating
-internal carotid
-middle cerebral
-anterior communicating
-anterior cerebral

Question 12

understand the major arteries of the upper limbs:

Answer 12

coming off the subclavian artery:
-axillary
-brachial
-ulnar
-radial

Question 13

understand the abdomen and pelvis arteries:

Answer 13

coming off the descending /abdominal aorta:
-common iliac
-external iliac
-internal iliac
-renal
-gonadal

Question 14

understand the major arteries to the digestive organs and where they supply blood to:

Answer 14

celiac trunk: to the stomach
superior mesenteric: to small intestines
inferior mesenteric: to the colon

Question 15

understand the veins of the head and neck:

Answer 15

external jugular veins
internal jugular veins
subclavian veins
brachiocephalic veins

Question 16

understand the veins of the upper limbs:

Answer 16

brachial vein
cephalic vein
median cubital vein

Question 17

understand the veins of the abdomen and pelvis:

Answer 17

-inferior iliac veins
-external iliac veins
-common iliac veins
-renal veins

Question 18

understand the veins of the lower limbs:

Answer 18

-femoral
-popliteal
-great saphenous

Question 19

TRUE or FALSE: there is an artery attached to the Hepatic Portal Vein?

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

what is blood pressure?

Answer 20

measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls

Question 21

what is the systolic pressure?

Answer 21

when ventricles contract and blood is pushed in vessels
-note: this is your maximum pressure

Question 22

what is the diastolic pressure?

Answer 22

when ventricles relax and blood is still
-note: this is your minimum pressure

Question 23

average blood pressure is…

Answer 23

120/80

Question 24

outside of this range result in…

Answer 24

hypertension or hypotension

Question 25

what is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how is it calculated?

Answer 25

-the blood pressure required to maintain blood flow through the blood vessels of the body
-calculated cardiac output (CO) times pressure resistance

Question 26

be able to explain how local control mechanisms regulate blood flow

Answer 26

-relaxation and contraction of precapillary sphincters

Question 27

be able to explain how nervous mechanisms control blood flow

Answer 27

-cardioregulatory and vasomotor control centers: medulla/pons coordinate reflexes to communicate to blood vessels to constrict/dilate
-vasomotor tone: state of partial constriction of blood vessels (can cause blood pressure to go up)

Question 28

be able to explain how hormonal mechanisms control blood flow