Blood Vessels (Anatomy and Physiology) Flashcards
functions of the blood vessels?
-carry blood
-exchange nutrients, waste products, gases within tissues
-transport substances
-regulate blood pressure
-direct blood flow to tissue`
know the vessel structures?
arteries: away from the heart
veins: visit the heart
capillaries: exchange occurs between blood and tissue fluid (where blood changes from deoxygenated to oxygenated)
know the general blood flow through blood vessels:
arteries to arterioles to capillaries to venules to veins
what 3 layers make up a blood vessel wall?
-tunica intima: innermost layer made up simple squamous
-tunica media: middle layer made up of smooth muscle and elastin + collagen fibers
-tunica adventitia: outermost layer made up of connective tissue
what can arterioles and capillaries remind you of?
branches off a tree
what can veins remind you of?
streams to creeks to rivers!
what are precapillary sphincters?
ring of muscle that regulates how much blood flow enters capillaries to veins
know the blood vessels of the pulmonary circulation:
pulmonary circulation: carries blood from RV to lungs and back to LA
-pulmonary trunk: pumps blood from RV toward lungs, carries to arteries
-pulmonary arteries: exits lungs and carries oxygenated rich blood to LA
know the parts of the aorta:
-ascending: passes superiorly from LV
-aortic arch: 3 major arteries that carry blood to head and upper limbs
-descending: extends through thorax and abdomen to pelvis
understand the arteries of the head and neck and where they supply blood to:
-brachiocephalic: to the right side of the head/neck and upper limbs
-right common carotid: to the right side of head and neck
-right subclavian: to the right upper limbs
-left common carotid: to left side of head/neck
-left subclavian: left upper limbs
-external carotid: to face and scalp
-internal carotid: to brain
understand the major arteries of the brain:
-vertebral
-basilar
-posterior cerebral
-posterior communicating
-internal carotid
-middle cerebral
-anterior communicating
-anterior cerebral
understand the major arteries of the upper limbs:
coming off the subclavian artery:
-axillary
-brachial
-ulnar
-radial
understand the abdomen and pelvis arteries:
coming off the descending /abdominal aorta:
-common iliac
-external iliac
-internal iliac
-renal
-gonadal
understand the major arteries to the digestive organs and where they supply blood to:
celiac trunk: to the stomach
superior mesenteric: to small intestines
inferior mesenteric: to the colon
understand the veins of the head and neck:
external jugular veins
internal jugular veins
subclavian veins
brachiocephalic veins
understand the veins of the upper limbs:
brachial vein
cephalic vein
median cubital vein
understand the veins of the abdomen and pelvis:
-inferior iliac veins
-external iliac veins
-common iliac veins
-renal veins
understand the veins of the lower limbs:
-femoral
-popliteal
-great saphenous
TRUE or FALSE: there is an artery attached to the Hepatic Portal Vein?
FALSE
what is blood pressure?
measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel walls
what is the systolic pressure?
when ventricles contract and blood is pushed in vessels
-note: this is your maximum pressure
what is the diastolic pressure?
when ventricles relax and blood is still
-note: this is your minimum pressure
average blood pressure is…
120/80
outside of this range result in…
hypertension or hypotension
what is the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and how is it calculated?
-the blood pressure required to maintain blood flow through the blood vessels of the body
-calculated cardiac output (CO) times pressure resistance
be able to explain how local control mechanisms regulate blood flow
-relaxation and contraction of precapillary sphincters
be able to explain how nervous mechanisms control blood flow
-cardioregulatory and vasomotor control centers: medulla/pons coordinate reflexes to communicate to blood vessels to constrict/dilate
-vasomotor tone: state of partial constriction of blood vessels (can cause blood pressure to go up)
be able to explain how hormonal mechanisms control blood flow
