blood

Question 1

state the functions of blood

Answer 1

-transport of gases, nutrients and waste products
-transport of processed molecules
-transport of regulatory molecules
-regulation of pH and osmosis
-maintain of body temperature
-protection against foreign substance
-clot formation

Question 2

list the components of blood

Answer 2

plasma and formed elements

Question 3

name the components of plasma, and give their functions

Answer 3

-albumin: helps maintain water balance
-globulin: helps immune system
-fibrinogens: aids in clot formation

Question 4

Describe the origin and production of the formed elements

Answer 4

-HEMATOPOIESIS (process of producing formed elements)
-occurs in red blood marrow

Question 5

Describe the structure and function of red blood cells.

Answer 5

-red blood cells look like disks shaped w thick edges
-FUNCTION: transfer oxygen to tissue

Question 6

Describe the life history of a red blood cell

Answer 6

-lives for 120 days
-can be destroyed by spleen

Question 7

Compare the structures and functions of the five types of white blood cells.

Answer 7

1.Neutrophil: immune cells (fight infection)
-pale granules w multi lobed nuclei
2.Eosinophils: destroy parasites
-pink/red granules w 2 lobed nuclei
3.Basophils: release histamine
-large granules with nuclei (hard to see)
4.Lymphocytes: produce antibodies
-small cells w large nuclei (hard to see cytoplasm)
5. Monocytes: phagocytosis
-large cell with no granules and curved nuclei

Question 8

Describe the origin and structure of platelets.

Answer 8

-produced in red blood marrow from large cells (megakaryocytes)
-ORIGIN: small fragments break off from the megakaryocytes and enter blood as platelets

Question 9

Discuss the three processes to prevent blood loss

Answer 9

VASCULAR SPASM: temporary constriction of a blood vessel that results when smooth muscle within the wall of the vessel contracts
PLATELET PLUGS: forms inside the blood vessel wall and can seal up a small break in a blood vessel
BLOOD CLOTTING: network of thread-like proteins (platelets and fibrin) that trap blood cells and fluid

Question 10

Explain the formation and function of platelet plug.

Answer 10

PLATELET PLUGS: forms inside the blood vessel wall and can seal up a small break in a blood vessel
1.platelets stick to exposed collagen of broken blood vessel
2.platelets then become activated, changed shape ad release chemicals
3. platelets aggregation, fibrinogen forms bridge between platelets creating a plug

Question 11

Describe the process of blood clotting.

Answer 11

network of thread-like proteins (platelets and fibrin) that trap blood cells and fluid
-depends on the clotting factors

Question 12

define blood groups

Answer 12

ANTIGENS: specific markers on red blood cells/surfaces
ANTIBODIES: molecules on blood plasma that bind to specific antigens
-think lock and key

Question 13

explain the basis of the ABO blood group

Answer 13

type A blood, type B blood, type AB blood or type O blood

Question 14

describes the Rh blood group

Answer 14

Rh antigens presented in blood plasma
-if negative, can only receive negative blood

Question 15

if patient has B- type blood, what kind of blood can the patient receive?

Answer 15

B- or O-

Question 16

TRUE or FALSE: O- blood type is universal donor

Answer 16

TRUE

Question 17

explain the basis of ABO and Rh incompatibilities

Answer 17

say the mom is Rh- but her baby is Rh+
-antibodies cross through placenta
-can cause hemolysis agglutination of fetal blood
-can be fatal to fetus

Question 18

Describe diagnostic blood tests and the normal values for the tests, and give examples
of disorders that produce abnormal test values.

Answer 18

-complete blood count: looking for WBC, RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit count
-HEMOGLOBIN: determines amount of hemoglobin (indicates anemia)
-HEMATOCRIT: % of total blood volume composed of RBC
-PROTHROMBIN TIME: time takes for blood to begin clotting