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A-LEVEL Biology and Chemistry > The Heart > Flashcards

The Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

closed circulatory system

A

blood is pumped around the body and is always contained within a network of blood vessels

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2
Q

open circulatory system

A

blood is inside the body cavity and bathes the organs

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3
Q

what are the right atrium and right ventricle separated by

A

atrioventricular (AV) valve known as the tricuspid valve

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4
Q

what is the left atrium and left ventricle separated by

A

another AV known as the bicuspid valve

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5
Q

what is the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery separated by

A

by a semilunar (SL) valve known as the pulmonary valve

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6
Q

what is the left ventricle and aorta separated by

A

SL valve known as the aortic valve

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7
Q

when does the valve open

A

pressure of blood behind them is greater than the pressure in front of them

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8
Q

when does the valve close

A

pressure of blood in front of them is greater than the pressure behind them

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9
Q

what does valve tendon / cords do

A

prevent the valve from flipping inside out

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10
Q

left ventricle

A

thicker muscle than on right ventricle because it has to pump blood all around body

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11
Q

ventricles

A

thicker than atria as it has to pump blood out of the heart

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12
Q

atrioventricular valve

A

prevent back flow of blood from ventricles into atria

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13
Q

semilunar valve

A

prevent back flow from aorta or pulmonary artery into ventricles

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14
Q

what is the vena cava

A

brings blood from the body

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15
Q

what is the pulmonary vein

A

brings blood from the lungs

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16
Q

what is the pulmonary artery

A

takes blood to the lungs

17
Q

what is the aorta

A

takes blood to the body

18
Q

what are coronary arteries

A

The muscle of the heart itself is supplied with blood by a series of blood vessels. wrapped around heart

19
Q

what is septum

A

prevents oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing

20
Q

what is atrial systole

A

when the walls of the atria contract so atrial volume decreases and pressure increases

pressure in atria rises above than in ventricles, forcing the AV to open. blood forced onto ventricles

ventricles diastole

21
Q

ventricular systole

A

walls of ventricles contract
ventricular volume decreases, pressure increases

pressure in ventricles rises above that in aorta and pulmonary artery forcing the semilunar valves open so blood is forced into arteries.

at the same time atria relaxing. atrial diastole.

22
Q

cardiac diastole

A

atria and ventricles relax and pressure in chambers decrease causing semilunar valves to close

23
Q

Explain point A of cardiac cycle graph

A

The atrium has filled with blood

Pressure is higher in the atrium than in the ventricle, so the AV valve is open

24
Q

What happens between point A and B

A

Left atrium contracts, causing an increase in atrial pressure and forcing blood into the left ventricle

Ventricular pressure increases slightly

Pressure is higher in the atrium than in the ventricle, so the AV valve is open

25
Q

Explain point B

A

Left ventricle contracts causing the ventricular pressure to increase

Pressure in the left atrium drops as the muscle relaxes

AV valve shuts

26
Q

What happens at point C

A

The ventricle continues to contract

Pressure in the left ventricle exceeds that in the aorta so aortic valve opens

27
Q

What happens at point D

A

Left ventricle has been emptied of blood
Muscles in the walls of the left ventricle relax and pressure falls below that in the newly filed aorta so aortic valve closes

28
Q

What happens at point D

A

Left ventricle has been emptied of blood
Muscles in the walls of the left ventricle relax and pressure falls below that in the newly filed aorta so aortic valve closes

29
Q

What happens at point D and E

A

ventricles relax and ventricular pressure continues to decrease
blood flowing into atrium from pulmonary vein causing increase in pressure

30
Q

What happens at point E

A

The relaxed left atrium fills with blood, causing the pressure in the atrium to exceed and the AV valve opens

A-LEVEL Biology and Chemistry (15 decks)

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