Covalent Bonding Flashcards
What is covalent bonding
Electrons are shared between outer shells of two non metals to form full outer shells
what is a single bond
when one pair of electrons are shared between 2 atoms
what is a double bond
when two pairs of electrons are shared between 2 atoms
what is a triple bond
when three pairs of electrons are shared between 2 atoms
how is length of a covalent bond linked to its strength
shorter bonds tend to be stronger as atoms held closely together so forces of attractions greater
evidence why double and triple bonds are stronger
because they are shorter than single covalent
what is dative bonding
Some molecules have a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to form a bond with an electron-deficient atom
So both electrons are from the same atom
what are simple covalent
these are substances with a simple molecular structure consisting of covalently bonded structures held together by van der waals forces
what are simple covalent
these are substances with a simple molecular structure consisting of covalently bonded structures held together by van der waals forces
how is the shape of a simple molecule determined
by the number of electron pairs around the central atom. repulsion between electrons create largest possible bond angle
what is lone pair repulsion
provide additional repulsive forces as it reduces it by 2.5 degrees
how can shape of molecule be determined
quantity and type
- find the number of electrons
determine how many of the pairs are bonding and lone
bonding pairs indicate the basic shape and lone pairs indicate additional repulsion
