Organic Chemistry

Question 1

Why can carbon form lots of different compounds

Answer 1

Carbon forms a vast number of compounds because it can form strong covalent bonds with itself

Question 2

What is a saturated hydrocarbon

Answer 2

containing single carbon-carbon bonds only

Question 3

what is an unsaturated hydrocarbon

Answer 3

containing double or triple carbon-carbon bonds

Question 4

General formula for alkanes

Answer 4

CnH2n+2

Question 5

What is homologous series

Answer 5

group of organic compounds that have the same functional group, the same general formula and the same chemical properties

Question 6

What is a structural formula

Answer 6

shows how the atoms are bonded to each carbon atom in a molecule

Question 7

What is a displayed formula

Answer 7

2D representation of an organic molecule showing all its atoms (by their symbols) and their bonds (by single, double or triple bonds)

Question 8

What is a skeletal formula

Answer 8

simplified displayed formula with all the carbon and hydrogen (C-H) bonds removed

Question 9

How can you work out how many hydrogens are bonded to a carbon

Answer 9

4 - (number of bonds) = H

Question 10

What do halogenoalkenes have

Answer 10

fluro-
chloro-
iodo-
bromo-

Question 11

what do carboxylic acid end in

Answer 11

oic acid
must have oxygen in double bond and OH group

Question 12

What are the different types of reactions

Answer 12

addition
substitution
elimination
hydrolysis
condensation
polymerisation

Question 13

What are structural isomers

Answer 13

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 14

what is chain isomerism

Answer 14

when compounds have the same molecular formula, but their longest hydrocarbon chain is not the same
This is caused by branching

Question 15

what is positional isomerism

Answer 15

from differences in the position of a functional group in each isomer
The functional group can be located on different carbons

Question 16

what is stereoisomerism

Answer 16

compounds that have the same atoms connected to each other, however the atoms are differently arranged in space

Question 17

What is E/Z isomerism

Answer 17

seen in unsaturated (double bond containing) or ring compounds that have the same molecular formula and order of atoms (the atoms are connected similarly to each other) but different shapes. occurs due to limited rotations around double bond.

Question 18

what is z isomers

Answer 18

Z isomers have groups on the same side of the double bond/carbon ring

Question 19

what is E isomers

Answer 19

E isomers have groups on opposite sides of the double bond/carbon ring

Question 20

Cis and trans?

Answer 20

A “cis” isomer would essentially be the same as a “Z” isomer and a “trans” isomer would also essentially be the same as an “E” isomer

Question 21

limitation of cis and trans

Answer 21

cis and trans cant be used when 3 or 4 atoms or groups of atoms involved.