The Head Flashcards
How many bones form the neurocranium?
8 bones
What bones form the neurocranium?
Frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid
How many bones form the facial skeleton?
14 bones
What bones form the facial skeleton?
Mandible, vomer, nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, inferior nasal concha, palatine, and zygomatic
What is the appearance of the intersection of the coronal and sagittal sutures called?
The bregma
What is the appearance of the intersection of the lambdoid and sagittal sutures called?
The lambda
What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the frontal bone with both parietal bones?
The anterior fontanelle
What is the diamond shaped remnant of developing membrane bone at the intersection of the occipital bone with both parietal bones?
The posterior fontanelle
What is the glabella?
The elevation of bone over the frontal sinus between the orbits
What is the name given to the outline of the nasal cavity at the front of the skull?
Piriform aperture
What is the alveolar jugum?
The part of the mandible or maxilla covering the root of the tooth exteriorly
What is the name given to the alveolar jugum of the canine tooth in the maxilla?
Canine Eminence
What forms a bullet-like chin?
A large mental protuberance
What forms an indented chin?
Well developed bilateral mental tubercles and a slight mental protuberance
What is the name given to the midline posterior elevation at the back of the skull?
The external occipital protuberance
What is the tip of the external occipital protuberance called?
The inion
What is the name of the linear elevation lateral to the external occipital protuberance?
Superior nuchal line
What is the appearance of suture intersections just above the zygomatic arch called?
The Pterion
What bones from the pterion?
4
Parietal
Temporal
Sphenoid
Frontal
What pints on the skull are used to measure the skull size?
4
Nasion
Vertex
Inion
Gnathion
What points ont he skill are used to measure cranial vault capacity?
(3)
Nasion
Vertex
Inion
What is the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?
A line drawn along the lesser wing of the sphenoid, anterior clinoid processes, and sphenoidal jegum
What is the posterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?
3
Superior border of petrous part of temporal bone
Posterior Clinoid Processes
Dorsum Sella of Sphenoid
What are the parts of the sella turcica?
5
Anterior clinoid processes Posterior clinoid processes Sphenoidal jugum Dorsum Sella Hypophysial fossa
What are the contents of the superior orbital fissure?
5
Ophthalmic veins Oculomotor nerve Trochlear nerve Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve Abducent nerve
What cranial nerves are located within the superior orbital fissure?
(4)
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Ophthalmic division of the trigeminal
Abducent
What is unique about the ophthalmic artery and veins?
Unlike any other artery-vein combinations they will NOT share the same opening.
The ophthalmic Artery is in the optic canal.
The Ophthalmic Veins are in the superior orbital fissure.
What are the contents of the foramen ovale?
2
Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
Lesser petrosal branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve
What are the contents of the foramen spinosum?
1
Nervus spinosus from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve
What bones converge to form the foramen lacerum?
Temporal
Sphenoid
Occipital
What are the contents of the foramen lacerum?
3
Internal carotid artery
Carotid sympathetic nerve plexus
Venous plexus
What forms the roof the the posterior cranial fossa?
Tentorium cerebelli
What part of the CNS occupies the posterior cranial fossa?
3
Cerebellum
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Which ostia will allow exit from the posterior cranial fossa?
(5)
Foramen magnum Internal acoustic meatus Jugular foramen Hypoglossal canal Condylar canal
What are the contents of the internal acoustic meatus?
5….ish
CN VII- Facial Nerve
CN VIII- Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Nervus intermedius/nerve of Wrisberg/sensory root of VII and the motor root of VII
Vestibular and cochlear roots of VIII
Internal auditory/internal labyrinthine artery and vein
What are the contents of the jugular foramen?
6….ish
Jugular bulb Inferior petrosal sinus Tympanic body/tympanic glomerus or jugular body/jugular glomus CN IX- Glossopharyngeal CN X- Vagus CN XI- Spinal Accessory
What is the name of the venous expansion between the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the internal jugular bulb?
Jugular Bulb
What is the function of the tympanic body/tympanic glomus?
A chemoreceptive organ which monitors hypoxia, hypercapnia, and increases in the hydrogen ion
What are the contents of the condylar canal?
Emissary vein connecting the sigmoid dural venous sinus and the vertebral venous plexus
What can the five layers of the scalp spell?
SCALP S- Skin C- Connective Tissue A- Aponeurosis L- Loose Connective Tissue P- Periosteum
What are the principal sources of blood to the scalp?
Internal carotid and external carotid artery branches
What branches of the external carotid artery ramify in the scalp?
OPS
O- Occipital Artery
P- Posterior Auricular Artery
S- Superficial Temporal Artery
What location will each branch of the CN V pass into upon exit from the middle cranial fossa?
Ophthalmic Nerve- Orbit
Maxillary Nerve- Pterygopalatine region
Mandibular Nerve- Infratemporal region
Which divisions of the trigeminal nerve receive sensory information from the scalp?
All three divisions
Ophthalmic nerve
Maxillary nerve
Mandibular nerve
What nerve(s) and cord levels of origin to the cervical plexus supply the scalp?
Great auricular nerve- C2, C3 ventral rami branches
Lesser auricular nerve- C2 (C3) ventral rami brainches
Which dorsal ramus nerve branch (name and cord level or origin) supplies the scalp?
Greater occipital nerve- C2, C3 Communication Ramus
What nerve(s) provide motor innervation to the scalp?
Facial nerve branches
What is the embryonic origin of skeletal muscles innervated by the facial nerve?
The skeletal muscle is derived from the branchial arches hence the branchial efferent
What is the third layer of the scalp associated with?
Muscular component of the scalp
What muscle(s) are specifically associated with the scalp?
Frontalis and occipitalis bellies of the epicranius muscle
The bellies of the epicranius muscle are connected by what structure?
Galea aponeurotica
What is the fourth layer of the scalp?
Loose connective tissue layer
What is the fifth layer of the scalp?
Pericardium
