Ligaments

Question 1

What vertebral levels will the anterior longitudinal ligament attach to?

Answer 1

Those between occiput and S3 inclusive are traditionally indicated

Question 2

What was ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region identified as?

Answer 2

Forestier’s Diesease

Question 3

What is ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament in the lumbar region now identified as (present)?

Answer 3

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis or DISH

Question 4

What is the innermost layer of the posterior longitudinal ligament called?

Answer 4

The perivertebral ligament

Question 5

Where is ossification of the posterior longitudinal most commonly identified?

Answer 5

The cervical spine with an 80% incidence

Question 6

What is the gender, age, and ethnic bias associated with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 6

It is greater in males over 50 and has a higher incidence in the Japanese

Question 7

What is the acronym for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament?

Answer 7

OPLL

Question 8

At one time ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament was an example of what condition

Answer 8

Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis or DISH

Question 9

In which region of the spine will the ligamentum flavum be paired?

Answer 9

The lumbar spine

Question 10

What is the name given to the ligamentum flavum based on appearance and histology?

Answer 10

It is a yellow elastic ligament

Question 11

What is the function of the ligamentum flavum?

Answer 11

It brakes or limits flexion of the vertebral column

Question 12

What is now thought to be a major function of the ligamentum flavum?

Answer 12

It is an early prime factor in extension of the vertebral column

Question 13

Where is ossification of the ligamentum flavum most commonly identified?

Answer 13

The thoracic spine or thoracolumbar transition zone

Question 14

What regions of the vertebral column demonstrate the greatest laxity of capsular ligaments?

Answer 14

The cervical and lumbar regions

Question 15

If the zygapophyseal capsular ligament is not significantly involved in restricting motion, what is its function?

Answer 15

It is probably involved in proprioceptive feedback to the muscles stabilizing the vertebral couple during movement

Question 16

What are the names given to the superficial and deep layers of the ligamentum nuchae, respectively?

Answer 16

Funicular layer and lamellar layer

Question 17

What are the attachment sites for the superficial layer of the ligamentum nuchae?

Answer 17

The external occipital protuberance, external occipital crest, the spinout tubercle of C7

Question 18

What is the histological make-up of the human ligamentum nuchae?

Answer 18

It is a yellow elastic ligament, has more collagen fivers than in quadrupeds

Question 19

What is the primary yellow elastic or elastic ligament of the spine?

Answer 19

The ligamentum flavum

Question 20

What is the classic function of the human ligamentum nuchae?

Answer 20

It brakes or limits flexion of the cervical spine

Question 21

What is the termination level inferiorly for the supraspinous ligament according to current literature?

Answer 21

Primarily at L4 (73%); between L4 and L5 (5%)

Question 22

What forms the vertebral slip of the inter transverse ligament in the lumbar spine?

Answer 22

A membranous partition from the vertebral body covers the intervertebral foramen and extends back to the transverse process to form a ventral slip. IT is penetrated by the contents of the intervertebral foramen

Question 23

What forms the dorsal slip of the inter transverse ligament in the lumbar spine?

Answer 23

A thick partition extends from the lamina and articular processes and extends laterally to blend with the ventral slip to form a septum separating the anterior muscles from the posterior muscles of the body wall