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Spinal Exam 3 > Eyeball > Flashcards

Eyeball Flashcards

1
Q

What are the names of the layers of the eyeball?

A

Fibrous tunic, uveal tract and retina

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2
Q

What are the parts of the uveal tract of the eyeball?

A

Iris, ciliary body, choroid and pupil

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3
Q

What are the receptor neurons of the second cranial nerve?

A

Rod and cone photoreceptor cells

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4
Q

What is the function of the cone cell?

A

Provide vision in bright light conditions and mediate color vision

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5
Q

What is the function of the rod cell?

A

Provide vision in dim light conditions

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6
Q

What is the most numerous photoreceptor cell?

A

Rod cell

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7
Q

What is the primary afferent neuron of the second cranial nerve?

A

Bipolar cells

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8
Q

What is the secondary sensory neuron of the second cranial nerve?

A

Ganglion cell

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9
Q

What forms the optic nerve?

A

Axons of ganglion cells

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10
Q

What is the location for tertiary neurons of the visual pathway?

A

Lateral geniculate body

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11
Q

Axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus will synapse in what specific location?

A

Primary visual cortex, calcarine sulcus of the occipital lobe of the cerebrum

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12
Q

What is the location of the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Between the cornea and the iris

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13
Q

What is the location of the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Between the iris and lens

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14
Q

What is contained in the anterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Aqueous humor

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15
Q

What is contained in the posterior chamber of the eyeball?

A

Aqueous humor

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16
Q

What is the name given to the chamber behind the lens?

A

Vitreous chamber

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17
Q

What is the location of the vitreous chamber?

A

Behind the lens, in front of the retina

18
Q

What fills the vitreous chamber?

A

Vitreous body

19
Q

What are the functions of the vitreous body?

A

Maintain retinal curvature; allow minimal light distortion from lens to retina

20
Q

What are the common characteristics in origin and insertion of all rectus extra ocular muscles?

A

They all originate from a common annular tendon in the orbit

They all insert into the sclera in front of the coronal equator of the eyeball

21
Q

What is the common characteristic regarding the insertion of both oblique extra ocular muscles?

A

Both insert onto sclera on the lateral margin of the eyeball behind the coronal equator

22
Q

At its apparent origin cranial nerve III conveys which classification of neural pathways?

A

Somatic efferent (SE) and visceral efferent (VE) pathway

23
Q

What is the source of innervation of the specific intrinsic eye muscles?

A

Parasympathetic fibers from oculomotor nerve- ciliairs, pupillage sympathetic fibers from internal carotid artery plexus- dilator pupillae

24
Q

What is/are the target organ(s) for the somatic efferent fibers carried in the third cranial nerve?

A

Medial rectus, inferior rectus, superior rectus, and inferior oblique extrinsic muscles of the eyeball and the legator palpebrae superiors muscle of the eyelid

25
Q

Does the apparent origin of cranial nerve III contain somatic afferent fibers?

A

NO

26
Q

The fourth cranial nerve’s apparent origin is from what location?

A

Dorsal surface of the midbrain

27
Q

What unique feature of the fourth cranial nerve occurs within the midbrain?

A

It decussates

28
Q

What are the two unique features of the fourth cranial nerves?

A

It is the only cranial with an apparent origin from the dorsal surface of the brain; it is the only cranial efferent nerve to decussate within the midbrain from its nucleus

29
Q

Does the apparent origin of cranial nerve IV contain somatic afferent fibers?

A

NO

30
Q

What part of the III, IV, or VI cranial nerve contains somatic afferent (SA) fibers?

A

Only the distal part of the nerve

31
Q

Peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the III, IV, or BI cranial nerve will communicate with which cranial nerve branch?

A

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal

32
Q

Typically, primary afferent neurons of the III, IV, or VI cranial nerve located in the semilunar ganglion, Gasserian ganglion or trigeminal ganglion will synapse in what nucleus?

A

Spinal trigeminal nucleus

33
Q

Recently, peripheral sensory processes conveyed in the III, IV, or VI cranial nerve have been shown to originate from primary afferent neurons in which location?

A

Mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve

34
Q

What type of motor pathway innervates smooth muscle?

A

Visceral efferent (VE)

35
Q

Intrinsic muscles of the eyeball are innervated by which visceral efferent pathways?

A

Ciliaris and sphincter pupillage are innervate by parasympathetic visceral efferents; dilator pupillage is innervated by sympathetic visceral efferents

36
Q

Visceral efferent fibers conveyed in the third cranial nerve originate from what nucleus?

A

Accessory oculomotor nucleus of Edinger/Westphal

37
Q

What is the location of synapse for preganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve?

A

Ciliary ganglion

38
Q

Postganglionic parasympathetic efferent fibers of the third cranial nerve are carried in which nerve?

A

Short ciliary nerve

39
Q

What vessel supplies the inner tunic of the eyeball?

A

Central artery of the retina

40
Q

What are the drainage patterns of the superior ophthalmic vein?

A

Into cavernous dural venous sinus or into facial vein

41
Q

What are the drainage patterns of the inferior ophthalmic vein?

A

Into cavernous dural venous sinus or into pterygoid venous plexus

Spinal Exam 3 (19 decks)

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