Additional Vertebral Column Arthrology (Joints) Flashcards
*What are the attachment sites of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament?
(3)
Arcuate rim of the posterior arch of C1
Superior articular process of the lateral mass of C1
Posterior margin of the foramen magnum of the occipital bone
What are the attachment sites of the ponticulus posticus?
2
Arcuate rim of the posterior arch of C1
Superior articular process of the lateral mass of C1
What other name may be used to identify ponticulus posticus?
Kimmerle’s Anomaly
What names are given to the opening formed by the Ponticuls Posticus?
Arcuate Foramen
Retroarticular Canal
What amount of flexion-extension is accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
About 25 degrees
What amount of axial rotation is accommodated but eh atlanto-occipital joint?
About 3-8 degrees one side axial rotation
What amount of lateral bending is accommodated but eh atlanto-occipital joint?
About 5 degrees
Which motion is best accommodated by the atlanto-occipital joint?
Flexion-extension
What are the joint surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joint at the anterior bursa?
(2)
Fovea Dentis of C1
Facet for Fovea Dentis of C2
What are the joint surfaces of the median atlanto-axial joint at the posterior bursa?
(2)
Groove for the transverse atlantal ligament of C2
Transverse atlantal ligament
What histological feature is present on the anterior surface of the transverse atlantal ligament?
Fibrocartilage at the surface of the ligament articulating with C2
What is the function of the transverse atlantal ligament?
It is the primary stabilizer of the atlanto-axial joint restricting the distance of C2 from the anterior arch of C1
What is the ADI?
The Atlanto-Dental Interspace- a radiographic distance between the surfaces of the anterior bursa and the median atlanto-axial joint
What is the ADI of children compared with that of adults?
ADI/Children: about 4.5 mm
ADI/Adults: range of 2-3mm or about 2.5 mm
What are the attachment sites for the accessory atlanto-axial ligament?
The base of the odontoid process and vertebral body of C1 to the tubercle for the transverse atlantal ligament on the lateral mass of C1
A superior continuation may attach on the occipital bone just behind that of the alar ligament
What ligament forms the medial, poster boundary of the intervertebral foramen at C1/C2?
The posterior atlanto-axial ligament
What are the degrees of movement facilitated at the atlanto-axial joint?
About 20 degrees of flexion-extension
40 degrees one side axial rotation
5 degrees lateral bending
The occiput-C1-C2 joint complex accounts for what percent of all cervical axial rotation?
About 60%
What are the attachment sites of the apical ligament of the dens or apicodental ligament?
(2)
The anterior margin of the foramen magnum
Tip of the ondontoid process of C2
What is the embryonic derivative of the apical ligament of the dens or the apicodental ligament?
The notochord
What are the attachment sites for the superficial layer of the membrane tectoria or tectorial membrane?
The posterior part of the inferior epiphyseal rim and the vertebral body of C2 to the capsular ligament of the atlanto-occipital joint and cranial dura of the posterior cranial fossa
What are the attachment sits for the deep layer of the membrane tectoria or tectorial membrane?
The posterior part of the inferior epiphyseal rim and vertebral body of C2 to the periosteum behind the cruciate ligament attachment site on the anterior rim of the foramen magnum
For the cervical spine below C2, what is the range of motion allowed for each type of joint motion identified?
Flexion-extension: 90 degrees
One side lateral bending: 50 degrees
One side axial rotation: 33 degrees
What are the locations for the costovertebral joints on the vertebra?
The costocentral joint at the cerebral body and the costotransverse joint at the transverse process
Costocentral radiate or stellate ligaments will attach the head of the rib to what structure?
Both vertebral bodies of the costocentral joint and IV disc for ribs 1-9
An intra-articular ligament will be identified with which ribs?
Ribs 2-9
Which vertebrae wil have a synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia) costotransverse joint?
Typically T1-T10
At what rib will the superior costotransverse ligament be absent?
The first rib
What ligaments will attach to the neck of the 12th rib?
The superior costotransverse ligament from T11
Lumbocostal ligament from L1
What unique ligament is present at the 12th rib?
The lumbocostal ligament
Which ribs will have an attachment for the inferior costotransverse ligament?
Rib 1-11
At what rib will the inferior costotransverse ligament be absent?
12th rib
What is the name of the space between the transverse process and the neck of the rib?
The costotransverse foramen
Which ligament “fills? the costotransverse foramen?
The inferior costotransverse ligament
At what rib will the lateral costotransverse ligament be absent?
The 12 rib
Which vertebral couples of the thoracic spine will have the greatest motion?
T11/T12
T12/L1
Which range of motion is greatest for lower thoracic vertebral couples?
Flexion-Extension
Which range of motion is least for lower thoracic vertebral couples?
One side axial rotation
Based on current literature, what common ligaments are absent at the lumbosacral joint?
(3)
Ligamentum nuchae
Interspinous ligament
Supraspinous ligament
Which ligaments replace the inter transverse ligament at the lumbosacral joint?
(2)
The iliolumbar ligament
The Lumbosacral ligament
Which of the current ligaments from the iliolumbar ligament complex represents the iliolumbar ligament of classical descriptions?
The superior iliolumbar ligament
Which ligament front he iliolumbar ligament complex represents the lumbosacral ligament of classical descriptions
The inferior iliolumbar ligament
- Which vertebral couple of the lumbar spine has the greatest range of motion?
L5/S1
Which range of motion is greatest for all lumbar vertebral couples?
Flexion-extension
Which range of motion is least for L1-L5 vertebral couples?
One side axial rotation
Which range of motion is least for the L5/S1 vertebral couple?
One side lateral bending
What joint classifications are present at the sacrocccygeal joint?
(2)
Cartilagionous (amphiarthrosis) syphysis
Fibrous (amphiarthosis) syndesmosis
What ligament represents the continuation of the anterior longitudinal ligament at the sacrococcygeal joint?
The anterior sacrococcygeal ligament
- List, in order, from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal column
The anterior atlanto-occipital ligament, anterior atlanto-axial ligament, anterior longitudinal ligament, and the anterior sacroccygeal ligament
What ligament represents the continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament at the sacrococcygeal joint?
The deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
- List, in order, from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal canal
The membrane tec toria, posterior longitudinal ligament, and deep posterior sacroccygeal ligament
- List, in order, from cranial to caudal the ligaments forming the posterior boundary of the spinal canal
The posterior atlanto-occipital ligament, posterior atlanto-axial ligament, ligamentum flavum, and superficial posterior sacrococcygeal ligament
What forms the closure for the spinal canal inferiorly?
The fusion of the deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament with the superficial posterior sacroccygeal ligament
What is the auricular surface of sacrum composed of?
True articular cartilage, a modification of hyaline cartilage
What is the auricular surface of the ilium composed of?
Articular cartilage, inter spread with fibrocartilage
What does degenerative arthosis mean?
A condition of degeneration of the joint, sometimes referred to as degenerative joint diseases (DJD)
What does ankylosis mean?
A condition of fibrous adhesion occurs within the joint
What is the age and surface bias associated with degenerative arthritis of the sacroiliac joint?
Age 40
The iliac auricular surface
What is the age and gender bias associated with ankylosis of the sacroiliac joint?
Age 50
Male bias, particularly in African American males
What is the age and gender bias associated with ossification of the anterior sacroiliac ligament?
Age 40
Male Bias
Which is the strongest of the sacroiliac ligaments?
The interosseous sacro-iliac ligament
What are the attachment sites of the interosseous sacroiliac ligament?
At the sacral tuberosity and the iliac sulcus
What passes between the layers of the interosseous sacroiliac ligaments?
Dorsal Rami of the sacral spinal nerves
What is formed by the continuation of the sacrotuberous ligament along the ischial ramus?
The falciform process
What separates the greater sciatic and lesser sciatic foramina?
The sacrospinous ligament
What is the classification of the first sternochondral joint?
Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) Synchondrosis
What are the joint surfaces of the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
The costalcartilage of the first rib and costal notch I of the manubrium sterni
What ligaments are present at the first sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
NO ligaments
What is the classification of the 2nd-7th sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
Which of the sternocostal or sternochondral ligaments is unique to the second sternocostal or sternochondral joint?
The intra-articular ligament
The capsular ligament is present at which interchondral joints?
The 6th-9th interchondral joints
What is the classification of the 6th through the 9th interchondral joints?
Synovial plane (diarthrosis arthrodia)
