the gut tube W7 Flashcards
4 muscles of mastication?
temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid
lateral pterygoid
3 divisions of the pharynx?
nasopharynx
oropharynx
laryngopharynx
when does the pharynx become continuous with the oesophagus?
lower border of the cricoid cartilage (C6)
where are the sites of constriction on the oesophagus?
boundary between pharynx and oesophagus
crossing of arch of aorta
crossing of left main bronchus
oesophageal hiatus
which structure would protect against reflux of food back into the airways?
upper oesophageal sphincter
4 main regions of the stomach?
cardia
fundus (top)
body
pyloric part
which specialised feature of the stomach lining increases its surface area and allows for expansion?
Gastric rugae/folds
branches of the coeliac trunk?
left gastric
splenic
common hepatic
blood supply to the stomach?
left gastric (lesser curvature, from coeliac)
short gastric (fundus, from splenic)
left gastroepiploic (greater curvature, from splenic)
right gastric (lesser curvature, from common hepatic)
right gastroepiploic (greater curvature, from gastroduodenal (from common hepatic))
what structure does the duodenum curve around?
the head and neck of the pancreas
what are the two small openings in the duodenum? function?
major duodenal papilla - opening for common bile duct and major pancreatic duct
minor duodenal papilla - opening for accessory pancreatic duct
where is the foregut-midgut boundary?
1/2 along the 2nd part of the duodenum (descending)
anatomical differences between the ileum and jejunum?
jejunum has fewer arcades and a thicker wall
name of the appendix surface landmark?
McBurney’s
3 features of the large intestine that differentiate it from the small intestine?
taeniae coli (longitudinal muscles)
haustra (pouches) caused by sacculations
omental appendages/fat tags
which structures lie near the right colic flexure?
right kidney (posterior)
liver (anterior)
where is the midgut hindgut boundary?
2/3rds along the transverse colon
blood supply of the midgut?
superior mesenteric gives off:
-jejunal arteries
-ileal arteries
-appendicular artery
-ileocolic artery
-right colic artery
-middle colic artery
what organ lies near the left colic flexure?
spleen
which space lies lateral to the descending and ascending colons?
paracolic gutters
Within which quadrant of the abdominal cavity does the sigmoid colon lie?
lower left quadrant
where does the sigmoid become the rectum
rectosigmoid junction (~S3)
name for transverse folds in the rectum?
rectal valves
at which level does the inferior mesenteric artery leave the aorta?
L3
features of anal sphincters?
internal - involuntary innervation
external - voluntary innervation
blood supply to the hindgut?
inferior mesenteric artery:
-left colic artery
-sigmoid arteries
-superior rectal artery
which muscle types form the muscularis externa layer in the oesophagus?
upper 1/3 - skeletal
middle 1/3 - skeletal/smooth
lower 1/3 - smooth
what type of epithelium is present in the oesophagus?
non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
layers of the oesophagus?
mucosa (epithelium, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa)
submucosa
muscularis externa
adventitia
layers of the small intestine?
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa (inner circular, outer longitudinal)
structure of the small intestine mucosa?
villi found on large circular folds (plicae)
microvilli on epithelial lining
tall columnar absorptive cells (enterocytes)
goblet cells (secrete mucus)
what is the predominant types of cell present in the colon surface epithelium?
enterocytes and goblet cells
difference in mucosal layer in colon and small intestine?
colon has no villi present and deep crypts
