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Anatomy Y2 > practical 1 neuro intro W2 > Flashcards

practical 1 neuro intro W2 Flashcards

1
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum?

A

spinal cord
vertebral arteries

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2
Q

what passes through the carotid canal?

A

internal carotid artery

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3
Q

what passes through the optic canal?

A

optic nerve
ophthalmic artery

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4
Q

what would you expect to find in the subarachnoid space?

A

CSF
arteries

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5
Q

major sheets formed by the dura to separate parts of brain - names and location?

A

falx cerebri - vertical sheet in midline of skull between cerebral hemispheres

tentorium cerebelli - horizontal sheet between occipital lobe and cerebellum

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6
Q

what lies between the 2 sheets that form dura matter?

A

dural venous sinuses

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7
Q

dural venous sinuses - important features?

A

superior sagittal sinus - runs along top of falx cerebri

confluence of sinuses
transverse sinus
sigmoid sinus

drains into internal jugular vein

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8
Q

what is the name of the cleft separating the two cerebral hemispheres?

A

great longitudinal fissure

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9
Q

what time of nerve fibres are most likely to be carried in the corpus callosum? why is this?

A

commissural - these fibres are responsible for connecting one cerebral hemisphere to the other

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10
Q

what are the three named parts of the brain that make up the brainstem?

A

midbrain
pons
medulla oblongata

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11
Q

where is the pineal gland found?

A

epithalamus

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12
Q

the thalamus, hypothalamus and pineal gland (epithalamus) are part of which larger brain structure?

A

diencephalon

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13
Q

main role of thalamus?

A

relay station for sensory (and some motor) information heading towards cerebral hemispheres.

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14
Q

cellular basis for colour difference between white and grey matter?

A

white matter comprised of myelinated axon tracts
grey matter comprised of cell bodies and synapses

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15
Q

names and locations of main ‘grooves’ in the brain?

A

central sulcus

lateral fissure

parieto-occipital sulcus

great longitudinal fissure

calcarine sulcus

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16
Q

where is the central sulcus

A

between the frontal and parietal lobes

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17
Q

where is the lateral fissure

A

between the temporal and parietal/frontal lobes

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18
Q

where is the calcarine sulcus

A

in the occipital lobe

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19
Q

which lobe contains the primary motor cortex

A

frontal lobe

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20
Q

which lobe contains the primary sensory cortex

A

parietal lobe

21
Q

which lobe contains the primary visual cortex

A

occipital lobe

22
Q

which lobe contains the primary auditory cortex

A

temporal lobe

23
Q

where is the corpus callosum found on a transverse section of brain

A

anterior, medial connection

24
Q

where is the caudate nucleus found on a transverse section of brain

A

posterior to the corpus callosum, anterior and medial to the anterior limb

25
Q

where is the external capsule on a transverse section of brain

A

lateral to the internal capsule and the lentiform nucleus

26
Q

what is the lentiform nucleus comprised of?

A

putamen (lateral)
globus pallidus (medial)

27
Q

what are the putamen and the globus pallidus part of

A

lentiform nucleus

28
Q

where is the globus pallidus and putamen found on a transverse section of brain

A

lateral to internal capsule, medial to external capsule.

globus pallidus - medial
putamen - lateral

29
Q

where is the thalamus found on a transverse section of brain

A

medial to the posterior limb of the internal capsule

30
Q

what structure is found inbetween the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule

A

genu

31
Q

how to tell the difference between CT and MRI scans of the brain?

A

CT - bone shows up very brightly, can’t distinguish grey and white matter.

MRI - dark bone, bright scalp

MRI T1 - dark ventricles, grey darker than white matter

MRI T2 - bright ventricles, white darker than grey matter

32
Q

lateral ventricle features?

A

anterior horn
body
posterior horn
inferior horn

33
Q

what does CSF pass through between the lateral and 3rd ventricles

A

interventricular foramen (Foramen of Monro)

34
Q

what does CSF pass through between the 3rd and 4th ventricle

A

cerebral aqueduct

35
Q

what structures generate CSF and where are they found

A

choroid plexus
specialised areas of ependymal cells lining ventricles

36
Q

how does CSF get into the subarachnoid space from the 4th ventricle?

A

through lateral and median apertures

37
Q

where is CSF resorbed back into the general circulation?

A

arachnoid granulations located around the superior sagittal sinus

38
Q

dorsal vs ventral horns?

A

dorsal - pointy, posterior
ventral - more rounded, anterior

39
Q

name for the end of the spinal cord? what level is this found?

A

conus medullaris
L1

40
Q

why does the size of the ventral grey horn vary along the spinal cord?

A

swellings indicate increased number of cell bodies of motor neurons required to supply the nerves going to the upper and lower limbs

41
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there? how many in each region?

A

31 total
cervical = 8
thoracic = 12
lumbar = 5
sacral = 5
coccygeal = 1

42
Q

which arteries supply the circle of willis

A

internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries

43
Q

what branches off the internal carotid artery before it enters the circle of willis?

A

ophthalmic artery

44
Q

branches off the internal carotid artery in the circle of willis?

A

anterior cerebral artery
middle cerebral artery
posterior communicating artery

45
Q

which short artery passes between the anterior cerebral arteries

A

anterior communicating artery

46
Q

branches of the vertebral arteries before they form the basilar artery?

A

posterior inferior cerebellar artery

anterior spinal artery

47
Q

what does the basilar artery branch into?

A

posterior cerebral arteries

48
Q

branches of the basilar artery

A

anterior inferior cerebellar artery
labyrinthine artery
superior cerebellar artery
posterior cerebral artery

Anatomy Y2 (16 decks)

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