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Anatomy Y2 > neuro 1b > Flashcards

neuro 1b Flashcards

1
Q

where is the diencephalon?

A

underneath corpus callosum

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2
Q

nucleus meaning? (neuroanatomy)

A

collection of cell bodies within the nervous system

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3
Q

4 components of diencephalon

A

epithalamus
thalamus
subthalamus
hypothalamus

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4
Q

epithalamus location?

A

in diencephalon behind thalamus

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5
Q

main feature of epithalamus and function?

A

pineal gland
secretes melatonin therefore plays a key role in sleep/wake cycle

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6
Q

what is the main component of the diencephalon?

A

thalamus

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7
Q

thalamus structure?

A

single structure with 2 halves, looks like pair of birds eggs. lots of small nuclei

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8
Q

thalamus function?

A

acts as sensory sorting office

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9
Q

subthalamus location?

A

underneath thalamus

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10
Q

hypothalamus function?

A

master regulator of endocrine system in the body

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11
Q

what does the hypothalamus have a close relationship with

A

pituitary gland (suspended below)

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12
Q

brain stem components and their locations?

A

midbrain (top)
pons (middle)
medulla (chordal end)

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13
Q

name for grooves in cerebellum?

A

folia

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14
Q

main function of cerebellum?

A

coordinate movement (not action movement - this occurs in cerebral hemispheres)

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15
Q

white matter connections for cerebellum? what do they connect it to?

A

superior peduncle (midbrain)
middle peduncle (pons)
inferior peduncle (medulla)

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16
Q

2 spinal cord enlargements?

A

cervical enlargement
lumbosacral enlargement

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17
Q
A
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18
Q

why are there spinal cord enlargements?

A

accommodate extra circuitry for limbs

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19
Q

what is the end of the spinal cord called?

A

conus medullaris

20
Q

at what vertebral level does the spinal cord end

A

L1/2

21
Q

what is the name for the spinal nerves that continue down the spine after the end of the spinal cord

A

cauda equina

22
Q

how many bilateral pairs of spinal nerves are at each part of the spine?

A

8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal

23
Q

dorsal and ventral routlets function?

A

dorsal side - sensory
ventral side - motor

24
Q

how to tell difference between dorsal and ventral side in spinal cord?

A

dorsal - grey matter extends to edge of spinal cord (dorsal - dolphin fin)
ventral - horns surrounded by white matter, don’t reach edge

25
Q

what types of nerves to spinal nerves contain

A

motor and sensory!!

26
Q

spinal cord staining - what do u have to remember?

A

most common stain inverts colours - looks grey on outside and white on inside which is opposite!!

27
Q

which matter is where in the spinal cord?

A

white - outside
grey - inside

28
Q

name for membranes surrounding CNS?

A

meninges

29
Q

3 layers in the meninges? + location?

A

dura - outside
arachnoid - middle
pia - inside

30
Q

what is meningitis?

A

infection of the meninges

31
Q

meninges function

A

sheathing, protecting, holding in place, transmitting blood vessels, circulation of CSF

32
Q

dura features?

A

thick rubbery protective outermost layer of meninges
tightly adhered to inside of skull

33
Q

arachnoi features?

A

trabeculae (spiderweb like processes creating sub-arachnoid space)
contains CSF and blood vessels

34
Q

pia features?

A

cant see or peel away, covers all folds and bumps of brain.

35
Q

names and locations of folds in dura?

A

falx cerebri - in great longitudinal fissure
tentorium cerebelli - between occipital lobe and cerebellum

36
Q

difference in meninges between brain and spinal cord?

A

dura adhered to skull, not adhered to vertebrae to allow some movement of the spinal cord

37
Q

name of circle of arteries that supplies brain

A

Circle of Willis

38
Q

names of the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries that supply brain

A

anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral

39
Q

2 major sources of the Circle of Willis?

A

internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries

40
Q

arteries that supply the spinal cord?

A

posterior spinal arteries
anterior spinal artery

41
Q

feature of veins in the brain?

A

no valves!!!!!

42
Q

how does the brain drain blud

A

dural venous sinuses

43
Q

what are ventricles lined with and what do they produce

A

choroid plexus
produces CSF

44
Q

where is CSF produced

A

ventricles

45
Q

3 ventricles in brain?

A

lateral ventricle
third ventricle
fourth ventricle

46
Q

how does CSF get into subarachnoid space from the ventricles

A

flows through ventricles into 4th ventricle, majority passes through apertures into subarachnoid space

47
Q

how does CSF return to the blood

A

via arachnoid granulations which suck CSF back into dural venous sinuses

Anatomy Y2 (16 decks)

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