neuro 1b Flashcards
where is the diencephalon?
underneath corpus callosum
nucleus meaning? (neuroanatomy)
collection of cell bodies within the nervous system
4 components of diencephalon
epithalamus
thalamus
subthalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus location?
in diencephalon behind thalamus
main feature of epithalamus and function?
pineal gland
secretes melatonin therefore plays a key role in sleep/wake cycle
what is the main component of the diencephalon?
thalamus
thalamus structure?
single structure with 2 halves, looks like pair of birds eggs. lots of small nuclei
thalamus function?
acts as sensory sorting office
subthalamus location?
underneath thalamus
hypothalamus function?
master regulator of endocrine system in the body
what does the hypothalamus have a close relationship with
pituitary gland (suspended below)
brain stem components and their locations?
midbrain (top)
pons (middle)
medulla (chordal end)
name for grooves in cerebellum?
folia
main function of cerebellum?
coordinate movement (not action movement - this occurs in cerebral hemispheres)
white matter connections for cerebellum? what do they connect it to?
superior peduncle (midbrain)
middle peduncle (pons)
inferior peduncle (medulla)
2 spinal cord enlargements?
cervical enlargement
lumbosacral enlargement
why are there spinal cord enlargements?
accommodate extra circuitry for limbs
what is the end of the spinal cord called?
conus medullaris
at what vertebral level does the spinal cord end
L1/2
what is the name for the spinal nerves that continue down the spine after the end of the spinal cord
cauda equina
how many bilateral pairs of spinal nerves are at each part of the spine?
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
dorsal and ventral routlets function?
dorsal side - sensory
ventral side - motor
how to tell difference between dorsal and ventral side in spinal cord?
dorsal - grey matter extends to edge of spinal cord (dorsal - dolphin fin)
ventral - horns surrounded by white matter, don’t reach edge
what types of nerves to spinal nerves contain
motor and sensory!!
spinal cord staining - what do u have to remember?
most common stain inverts colours - looks grey on outside and white on inside which is opposite!!
which matter is where in the spinal cord?
white - outside
grey - inside
name for membranes surrounding CNS?
meninges
3 layers in the meninges? + location?
dura - outside
arachnoid - middle
pia - inside
what is meningitis?
infection of the meninges
meninges function
sheathing, protecting, holding in place, transmitting blood vessels, circulation of CSF
dura features?
thick rubbery protective outermost layer of meninges
tightly adhered to inside of skull
arachnoi features?
trabeculae (spiderweb like processes creating sub-arachnoid space)
contains CSF and blood vessels
pia features?
cant see or peel away, covers all folds and bumps of brain.
names and locations of folds in dura?
falx cerebri - in great longitudinal fissure
tentorium cerebelli - between occipital lobe and cerebellum
difference in meninges between brain and spinal cord?
dura adhered to skull, not adhered to vertebrae to allow some movement of the spinal cord
name of circle of arteries that supplies brain
Circle of Willis
names of the 3 pairs of cerebral arteries that supply brain
anterior cerebral
middle cerebral
posterior cerebral
2 major sources of the Circle of Willis?
internal carotid arteries
vertebral arteries
arteries that supply the spinal cord?
posterior spinal arteries
anterior spinal artery
feature of veins in the brain?
no valves!!!!!
how does the brain drain blud
dural venous sinuses
what are ventricles lined with and what do they produce
choroid plexus
produces CSF
where is CSF produced
ventricles
3 ventricles in brain?
lateral ventricle
third ventricle
fourth ventricle
how does CSF get into subarachnoid space from the ventricles
flows through ventricles into 4th ventricle, majority passes through apertures into subarachnoid space
how does CSF return to the blood
via arachnoid granulations which suck CSF back into dural venous sinuses
