Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Y2 > endo 1 W7 > Flashcards

endo 1 W7 Flashcards

1
Q

where is the pituitary gland located?

A

depression in sphenoid bone - hypophyseal or pituitary fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the pituitary fossa covered in? what passes through this?

A

shelf of dura - sellar diaphragm
infundibulum (pituitary stalk) passes through this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where are the cell bodies, axons and synapses of the magnocellular neurons located?

A

cell bodies - supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus

axons - travel in pituitary stalk

synapses - posterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what hormones travel down the axons of the magnocellular neurons?

A

oxytocin (cells from PVN) and vasopressin (cells from SON)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what hormones are made in the anterior pituitary? how is their release controlled?

A

ACTH
LH
FSH
TSH
GH
prolactin

release controlled by inhibitory and releasing hormones from the hypothalamus (travel via pituitary portal system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

relation of hypothalamus etc with other structures?

A

above optic chiasm
infundibulum emerges between optic chiasm and mammillary bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what structure is found immediately below the pituitary fossa?

A

sphenoid sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

thyroid gland features?

A

left lobe
isthmus
right lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what nerve do the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves both originate from?

A

vagus nerve (CN-X)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what nerve is vulnerable to damage during thyroid surgery?
what effect would this damage have?

A

the recurrent laryngeal nerve
hoarseness, potential difficulty breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what hormones are released by the thyroid gland? how is their release controlled?

A

T3, T4, Calcitonin
controlled by TSH release from anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where are the parathyroid glands found and what hormone do they release?

A

posterior aspect of the thyroid gland
release parathyroid hormone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

blood supply to the thyroid?

A

superior thyroid artery (branches off external carotid)

inferior thyroid artery (branches off thyrocervical trunk, which is a branch of the subclavian)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which veins do the thyroid veins drain into?

A

superior and middle thyroid veins -> internal jugular vein

inferior thyroid veins -> brachiocephalic veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the blood supply to the parathyroid glands? why is it important to be aware of this during surgery?

A

primarily branches from inferior thyroid arteries, collateral supply from superior thyroid arteries.
surgery risk of disrupting parathyroid blood supply when thyroid is being removed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where do the common carotid arteries bifurcate? Where do they lie relative to the thyroid?

A

bifurcates at upper border of thyroid cartilage.
lies posterior to thyroid gland.

17
Q

parts of the pancreas?

A

head (curved, by duodenum)
neck (connects head and body)
uncinate process (end of curve)
body
tail (far left end)

18
Q

what is the exocrine role of the pancreas?

A

produce digestive enzymes which are secreted into the duodenum

19
Q

what hormones does the pancreas produce?

A

insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

20
Q

where are the endocrine cells of the pancreas located?

A

pancreatic islets - embedded in the substance of the pancreas.

21
Q

pancreas blood supply?

A

coeliac trunk -> splenic (great pancreatic) and common hepatic (gastroduodenal -> anterior/posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal)

superior mesenteric -> inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

22
Q

pituitary general histology?

A

anterior pituitary - darker stained than rest
posterior pituitary - same colour as stalk
pars intermedia - cleft between lobes

23
Q

pituitary cellular features on histology?

A

posterior - elongated nuclei of astroglial cells. orange stained blood vessels

anterior - glandular cells stain strongly. chromophobes don’t stain well. vascular sinusoids between.

24
Q

what can chomophils be divided into

A

acidophils
basophils

25
Q

thyroid histology features? - low power

A

external capsule
septa extend between conoid-filled follicles
follicular cells found around periphery

26
Q

thyroid histology features? - high power

A

parafollicular cells (aka C cells) in septa (interstitial spaces) between thyroid follicles. large nuclei and pale cytoplasm. blood vessels between follicles.

27
Q

parathyroid gland histology?

A

separated from thyroid by thin capsule.
chief cells (more numerous, lighter cytoplasm) and oxyphil cells

28
Q

appearance of pancreatic islets? (histology)

A

paler staining groups of cells surrounded by pancreatic acini (exocrine part)

29
Q

where are pancreatic alpha and beta cells found?

A

in pancreatic islet

30
Q

what hormone do alpha cells secrete, and what does it do?

A

alpha cells secrete glucagon, which raises blood glucose levels

31
Q

what hormone do beta cells secrete, and what does it do?

A

beta cells secrete insulin, which increase glucose uptake and thereby decrease blood glucose levels

Anatomy Y2 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions