the globalization of education Flashcards
what is the privatization and marketization of education
one of the impacts of globalization:
-been a feature of three of the main political parties since the 1980s
- been promoted by neo liberals for example OECP
- hancock 2014: globalisation and neoliberal policies mean such global education markets are growing every year
what are international comparisons
one of the impacts of globalization:
international data available on all aspects of education
what are the three international student achievement surveys
- PISA: programme for international student assessment
- TIMSS: trends in maths and science study
- PIRLS: progress in international reading and literacy study
what do international student achievement surveys involve
tests in maths science and reading among samples of between 325,000 and 600,000 0-15 year old students drawn from around 50 -65 countries every 3 to 5 years
this ranks country’s in the form of league tables to show their country’s performance these then are used to monitor a country’s education system in a global context
what is the impact of surveys like PISA and moral panics
- influence educationl polcies in many countries
- they often
what did alexander (2015) say PISA panic is?
suggests pisa results have led to educational, economic and political moral panics -‘pisa panic’
what are four policies that have been implemented as a result of international comparisons?
-THE NATIONAL LITERACY AND NUMERACY STRATEGY: brought in by labour 1988- requires every primary school to teach two hours of literacy and numeracy a day
- SLIMMING DOWN THE NATIONAL CURRICULUM
- RAISING THE ACADEMIC AND ENTRY REQUIREMENTS FOR TRAINEE TEACHERS FROM 2012
-MASTER TEACHERS: all state schools would get an elite grade of master teachers - policy from singapore that labour copied
what are three strengths of international comparisons
- They are useful to see whether education spending matches achievement. In the UK, spending is not being used to maximum effort because spending is above average, whereas it performs worse than countries that spend lower amounts.
- Useful for comparing standards internationally. Oates says that they help to show what is possible for young people to achieve at different ages.
3.They provide evidence on what policies seem to work best. They can help us understand how our education system works.
what are three limitations of international comparisons
- Kelly suggests that globalisation has led to a view that education is an economic activity concerned with preparing people for work and meeting the needs of the economy and employers. Some countries that consistently do well in international tests only teach students how to pass tests in 2 or 3 countries.
2.Test results do not necessarily mean that the education received by students is better or worse in different countries, and there are concerns about the validity and reliability of the tests used. It makes no sense to compare the UK with developing countries where children may be used for child labour or soldiers. Alexander suggests that it is pointless comparing the UK with high performing countries because their cultures are different, and their education systems are not comparable in scale.
3.They care have damaging and wasteful effects on policy. Successive governments have formed policies based on PISA and other tests.
what does alexander conclude about international comparisons
that they should have a similar warning to cigarette packages ‘ his product may damage your countries educational health’
how much do central government and local authority’s spend on education a year and what does this mean?
around £88 billion so there is an enormous potential market for private investors who can provide educational services
what are 7 examples of endogenous privatization in education
- schools begin to manage themselves like independent businesses with few external controls
- performance related pay for teachers
- potential choice of schools
- target setting
- school league tables
- inspections
- schools are now funded by the number of pupils they attract
what are the time frames for these policies and with which parties
FIRST ESTABLISHED: conservative government 1979-1997
CONTINUED: labour 1997 -2010
SPEEDED UP: ConDem coalition 2010-2015
what are 5 examples of exogenous privatization
- school services: training, building maintenance, school transport, supply teachers etc
- the management of schools: can be seen in privately managed chains of academy such as academies enterprise trust
- school inspections with private companies: tribal inspections conduct inspections on behalf of OFSTED
- school building construction: the sate rents school building from private construction company’s for up to 30 years under the private finance initiative - by the time this has ended company’s have recovered their costs and will make significant profit
- branding of schools: private company’s sell to schools things like website construction logo development and prospectus design in order for them to compete in the marketplace
what are three things for privatisation
- greater efficiency: the expertise of an established education company with a record of running a successful school might provide more education for less costs - greater value for tax payer money
- more choice for parents: a range of school providers offers more choice for parents
- the profit motive: to make money companies need to make sure schools are full and run efficently this can only be achieved by attracting pupils by high standards and good results
