Ethnicity

Question 1

What are the three external factors?

Answer 1

1. Cultural deprivation.
2. Racism and wider society.
3. Material deprivation and class.

Question 2

Family structures and parental support

Answer 2

EXTERNAL FACTOR: CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
- failure to socialise children adequately results in a dysfunctional family structure
MOYNIHAN: black families headed by loan mothers which means children are deprived of adequate care as they struggle financially due to absent breadwinner.

Question 3

Attitudes and values

Answer 3

EXTERNAL FACTOR: CULTURAL DEPRIVATION:
- some black pupils are socialised into subcultures which instills fatalistic live for today attitude which doesn’t value education leaving them unequipped for success
- The lack of motivation results and under achievement for black children

Question 4

Intellectual and linguistic skills

Answer 4

EXTERNAL FACTOR: CULTURAL DEPRIVATION:
- Lack of intellectual and linguistic skills is a major cause for underachievement
- Low income black families lack it due to a lack of simulation and enrichment experiences leaving them poorly equipped for school as they can’t develop reasoning and problem solving skills
BEREITER AND ENGELMANN:
- Language spoken by low income black families is inadequate for educational success: ungrammatical disjointed and incapable of expressing abstract ideas

Question 5

Fathers gangs and culture

Answer 5

EXTERNAL FACTOR: CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
SEWELL: interviewed academically successful boys who said the Greatest barrier to success is pressure from boys
- underachievement is due to lack of fatherly nurturing meaning black boy struggle to overcome emotional and behavioural issues to go to street gangs