The Gilded Age (Chapters 17, 18, and 19)

Question 1

William J. Bryan

Answer 1

-Versed William McKinley (Rep 25th)
-Bryan fought for the Populist
-“Cross of Gold”
-Scared business leaders

an American lawyer, orator, and politician

Question 2

Populist Party

Answer 2

-4 groups made up (Coalition of Alliance Members, Farmers, Labor leaders, Reformers)
-Wants (Graduated income tax, Bank regulations, Gov’t owned)

an agrarian populist political party in the United States in the late 19th century

Question 3

Triangle Shirtwaist

Answer 3

-3/25/1911
-500 employees (Jewish/Italian women)
-8th floor
-FIRE!
-146 women died

the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history

Question 4

direct primary

Answer 4

-Corruption
-Deadlock
-Public Demand

elections that are held to determine which candidates will run for an upcoming general election

Question 5

AFL

Answer 5

-American Federation of Labor
-Founded by Samuel Gompers (excluded unskilled workers)

a national federation of labor unions in the United States that continues today as the AFL-CIO

Question 6

W.E.B. Dubois

Answer 6

-Prominent African American
-Fisk University & Harvard University
-Different from Booker T. Washington

an American sociologist, socialist, historian, and Pan-Africanist civil rights activist

Question 7

Eugene Debs

Answer 7

-SOC

an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW), and five-time candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States

Question 8

Wobblies

Answer 8

-Boycotts
-Strikes
-Industrial sabotages

an international labor union founded in Chicago in 1905

Question 9

“Free Silver”

Answer 9

-$ backed up by silver

a major economic policy issue in the United States in the late 19th century

Question 10

Ballinger-Pinchot affair

Answer 10

-Private interest over Conservation
-Ballinger sold coal-rich Alaska land

a dispute between high level officials in the U.S. government regarding whether or not the federal government should allow private corporations to control water rights, or instead cut them off so that the wilderness would be protected from capitalist greed

Question 11

Progressivism

Answer 11

-Focused o urban problems (Workers plight, Poor sanitation, Corrupt political machines)

a left-leaning political philosophy and reform movement that seeks to advance the human condition through social reform – primarily based on purported advancements in social organization, science, and technology

Question 12

“Boss” Tweed

Answer 12

-William Marcy Tweed
-Tammany Hall
-Graft (getting money through illegal or dishonest ways)
-Over $200 Million

an American politician most notable for being the political boss of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party’s political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th-century New York City and State

Question 13

trust-busting

Answer 13

-Enforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act
-ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission)
-Elkins Act (Railroad equality)
-Hepburn Act (set railroad rates)

the act of pushing for antitrust measures or attacking monopolistic companies (known as trusts)

Question 14

Big Bill Haywood

Answer 14

-William “Big Bill” Haywood
-Chicago 1905
-Opposed Capitalism
-Denounced AFL
-Philly $1.25 to $4

an American labor organizer and founding member and leader of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) and a member of the executive committee of the Socialist Party of America

Question 15

“The Jungle”

Answer 15

-Upton Sinclair
-Protecting the Consumer

a novel by American muckraker author Upton Sinclair, known for his efforts to expose corruption in government and business in the early 20th century

Question 16

Ida Tarbell

Answer 16

-Took on Rockefeller
-Wrote 19 articles on Standard Oil Company

an American writer, investigative journalist, biographer, and lecturer

Question 17

political machines

Answer 17

-Helped the poor
-Helped the working class

a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives (such as money or political jobs) and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity

Question 18

Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 18

-First Term (TWO SCANDALS)
-Second Term (Whisky Scandal)

the 18th president of the United States, serving from 1869 to 1877

Question 19

initiative

Answer 19

-5-15% petition

the United States jumped to the lead in industrialization ahead of Britain

Question 20

16th Amendment

Answer 20

-Taxes based on income

allows Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states on the basis of population

Question 21

17th Amendment

Answer 21

established the direct election of United States senators in each state

Question 22

18th Amendment

Answer 22

-BANNING OF ALCOHOL
-1919 to 1933

established the prohibition of alcohol in the United States

Question 23

19th Amendment

Answer 23

-Woman full voting rights

prohibits the United States and its states from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, in effect recognizing the right of women to vote

Question 24

Gifford Pinchot

Answer 24

-Conservation
-Reclamation
-National Park Service (32 parks to 149!)

an American forester and politician

Question 25

Muckrakers

Answer 25

-Teddy Roosevelt
-Investigative Journalists

reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States (1890s–1920s) who claimed to expose corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, often through sensationalist publications

Question 26

Theodore Roosevelt

Answer 26

-VP
-26th

the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909

Question 27

Woodrow Wilson

Answer 27

-28th
-Election of 1912
-Wilson’s New Freedom (Federal Reserve Act, Clayton Antitrust Act, Federal Trade Commission)

the 28th president of the United States, serving from 1913 to 1921

Question 28

Dr. Carlos Montezuma

Answer 28

a Yavapai-Apache Native American, activist and founding member of the Society of American Indians