Civil War and Reconstruction (Chapters 12 and 13) Flashcards
Bull Run
*Confederates Won
*N & S realized war would not be quick
-Manassas
-35000 Union Troops
-Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
-Significance
the first major battle of the American Civil War
Copperheads
*Northerners who oppose the war
-Northerners who opposed war
a faction of the Democratic Party in the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates
General McClellan
*Union
*Fired twice
-Replaced General McDowell in Union
-Union
-Unsuccessful too cautious
-He was fired twice
an American military officer and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey and as Commanding General of the United States Army from November 1861 to March 1862
Emancipation Proclamation
*Pres. Lincoln’s plan
*ALL slaves free
*Antietam
-Lincoln issued
-slaves in Confederate states would be freed
-would announce after a Union battle victory
-January 1st, 1863
a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War
General Lee
*Confed
*Didn’t want the war but could not fight against Virginia
-commander West Point
-Opposed slavery
-Refused to fight VA
a Confederate general during the American Civil War, toward the end of which he was appointed the overall commander of the Confederate States Army
General Sherman
*Atlanta to Savannah
*Union
*TOTAL WAR
-Captured Atlanta (Burned most of it)
-Helped Lincoln get re-elected in 1864
-March to Sea: Atlanta to Savannah (360 Miles)
-TOTAL WAR: destroy enemies economy
an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author
General Grant
*Union
*Won Vicksburg
*Will be 18th Pres
-Led Union
led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War in 1865
Clara Barton
*American Red Cross
-Founded the American Red Cross
an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross
Confederate adv
*Home field
*Better military
*Better riders & shooters
-Defensive War
-Superior Military officers
-Superior Riders/Shooters
defending their own turf, skilled troops, sense of pride
14th Amendment
*AA are citizens
-Citizenship rights for African Americans
addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to formerly enslaved Americans following the American Civil War
Tenure of Office Act
*President cannot remove an official w/o Congress approval
-President cannot remove official w/o Congress approval
intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the U.S. Senate
Booker T. Washington
*AA who believed AA’s should work instead of protest
-African Americans should work hard & not protest
-Become economically independent
-Learn a trade & profession
an American educator, author, and orator
15th Amendment
*AA the right to vote
-African Americans gained the right to vote
prohibits the federal government and each state from denying or abridging a citizen’s right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”
impeachment
*Removal of an elected official
-Tenure of Office Act
-Johnson removed Sec. of War Edwin Stanton
-House impeached Johnson for violation of law
-Trial in Senate
a process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct
Thaddeus Stevens
*Radical Republicans
*“Punish the former Confed.”
-(PA)
-Charles Sumter (MA)
-Refused to seat former Confederates
-400000 Acres to former slaves
an American politician and lawyer who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, being one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s
Wade-Davis Bill
*RR plan: punish those Confeds.
-Radical Republican Plan
-Punish former Confederates
-Each state needed 50% loyalty oath
-African American Suffrage
-Passed Congress: Lincoln Pocket Veto
a bill “to guarantee to certain States whose governments have been usurped or overthrown a republican form of government,” proposed for the Reconstruction of the South
Freedmen’s Bureau
*Govt agency to aid former slaves
-Gov Agency to help former slaves
-Food, clothing, employment, schools
a U.S. government agency of early post American Civil War Reconstruction, assisting freedmen (i.e., former slaves) in the South
13th Amendment
*Abolish slavery
-Mississippi refused
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
J. Wilkes Booth
*Killed ABE
-Ford’s Theater
-“Our American Cousin”
an American stage actor who assassinated United States President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865
Plessy v. Ferguson
*S.C. segregation as long as equal
-Supreme Court ruled that businesses could be segregated if facilities were equal
a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for people of color were equal in quality to those of white people, a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”
Border States
*Union slave states
-slave states remaining loyal to the Union
-DE, KY, MO, MD, and WV
four, later five, slave states in the Upper South that primarily supported the Union (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia)
Military Reconstruction
*5 military districts in the south
-Divide south into 5 military districts
passed by the Radical Republicans in 1867, established military rule over Southern states until new governments could be formed
Anaconda Plan
*Winfield Scott’s plan to surround the south w/ naval blockade
-Winfield Scott
-Naval Blockade to disrupt foreign markets
-3500 miles of coastline to defend
a strategy outlined by the Union Army for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
*16th President: Unify the nation
the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until his assassination in 1865
Fort Sumter
*Start of the Civil War
-Federal Control
-Charleston, SC
-No supplies
-Lincoln Dilemma
-Confederates Attack
-War begins!
a sea fort built on an artificial island near Charleston, South Carolina, to defend the region from a naval invasion
Carpetbaggers
*Northerners who joined Republican party
-Northerners who moved south for political, economic, and moral reasons
a largely historical pejorative used by Southerners to describe allegedly opportunistic or disruptive Northerners who came to the Southern states after the American Civil War and were perceived to be exploiting the local populace for their own financial, political, or social gain
Scalawags
*Southerners who joined Republican party
-Southerners who joined the Republican Party
-Seen as traitors to race and region
white Southerners who supported Reconstruction policies and efforts after the conclusion of the American Civil War
sharecropping
*Former slaves go back to their old massa and work the land
*Never get out of debt
-Rent & work a piece of land
-Give portion of crops to land owner
-Many former slaves went to work for former owners
-Many could not get out of debt
a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land
Ku Klux Klan
*Nathan Bedford Forrest
*AA
*Reps
-Grand Wizard: Nathan Bedford Forrest
-Targets (African Americans and Republicans)
-Enforcement Acts
an American white supremacist, far-right terrorist organization and hate group
Enforcement Acts
*Fed govt combat terrorism
-Allowed Federal Government to combat terrorism
criminal codes that protected African Americans’ right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws
election of 1876
*Tilden (D) and Hayes (R)
*Compromise of 1877 - remove 5 military districts
-Samuel J. Tilden (Dem) vs Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep)
-President Hayes (19th)
-Disputed by Democrats
-Hayes wins by one vote
Republican Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden
Antietam
*Union won
*Bloodiest battle
*Lincoln gives E.P.
*McClellan fired
-Gen. Lee (Confed) wanted major victory
took place during the American Civil War on September 17, 1862, between Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia and Union Major General George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek
Gettysburg
*Confed lost 1/3 of their men
*Union won
*Turning point of Civil War
-Lee (Confederates) needs this!
-Meade replaces Hooker (Union)
a three-day battle in the American Civil War fought between Union and Confederate forces between July 1 and July 3, 1863, in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Vicksburg
*Union victory
*Grant splits Confed in 2
-General Grant (Union) marched his men south of the ferry
-After weeks of battles Grant surrounds the city
-Confederates dug in ate rats and mules
the final major military action in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War
Appomattox Courthouse
*Lee (C) surrenders to Grant (U)
-Grant cut off Lee’s escape
one of the last, and ultimately one of the most consequential, battles of the American Civil War
