Civil War and Reconstruction (Chapters 12 and 13)

Question 1

Bull Run

Answer 1

*Confederates Won
*N & S realized war would not be quick

-Manassas
-35000 Union Troops
-Gen. Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
-Significance

the first major battle of the American Civil War

Question 2

Copperheads

Answer 2

*Northerners who oppose the war

-Northerners who opposed war

a faction of the Democratic Party in the Union who opposed the American Civil War and wanted an immediate peace settlement with the Confederates

Question 3

General McClellan

Answer 3

*Union
*Fired twice

-Replaced General McDowell in Union
-Union
-Unsuccessful too cautious
-He was fired twice

an American military officer and politician who served as the 24th governor of New Jersey and as Commanding General of the United States Army from November 1861 to March 1862

Question 4

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 4

*Pres. Lincoln’s plan
*ALL slaves free
*Antietam

-Lincoln issued
-slaves in Confederate states would be freed
-would announce after a Union battle victory
-January 1st, 1863

a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War

Question 5

General Lee

Answer 5

*Confed
*Didn’t want the war but could not fight against Virginia

-commander West Point
-Opposed slavery
-Refused to fight VA

a Confederate general during the American Civil War, toward the end of which he was appointed the overall commander of the Confederate States Army

Question 6

General Sherman

Answer 6

*Atlanta to Savannah
*Union
*TOTAL WAR

-Captured Atlanta (Burned most of it)
-Helped Lincoln get re-elected in 1864
-March to Sea: Atlanta to Savannah (360 Miles)
-TOTAL WAR: destroy enemies economy

an American soldier, businessman, educator, and author

Question 7

General Grant

Answer 7

*Union
*Won Vicksburg
*Will be 18th Pres

-Led Union

led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War in 1865

Question 8

Clara Barton

Answer 8

*American Red Cross

-Founded the American Red Cross

an American nurse who founded the American Red Cross

Question 9

Confederate adv

Answer 9

*Home field
*Better military
*Better riders & shooters

-Defensive War
-Superior Military officers
-Superior Riders/Shooters

defending their own turf, skilled troops, sense of pride

Question 10

14th Amendment

Answer 10

*AA are citizens

-Citizenship rights for African Americans

addresses citizenship rights and equal protection under the law and was proposed in response to issues related to formerly enslaved Americans following the American Civil War

Question 11

Tenure of Office Act

Answer 11

*President cannot remove an official w/o Congress approval

-President cannot remove official w/o Congress approval

intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the U.S. Senate

Question 12

Booker T. Washington

Answer 12

*AA who believed AA’s should work instead of protest

-African Americans should work hard & not protest
-Become economically independent
-Learn a trade & profession

an American educator, author, and orator

Question 13

15th Amendment

Answer 13

*AA the right to vote

-African Americans gained the right to vote

prohibits the federal government and each state from denying or abridging a citizen’s right to vote “on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”

Question 14

impeachment

Answer 14

*Removal of an elected official

-Tenure of Office Act
-Johnson removed Sec. of War Edwin Stanton
-House impeached Johnson for violation of law
-Trial in Senate

a process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct

Question 15

Thaddeus Stevens

Answer 15

*Radical Republicans
*“Punish the former Confed.”

-(PA)
-Charles Sumter (MA)
-Refused to seat former Confederates
-400000 Acres to former slaves

an American politician and lawyer who served as a member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania, being one of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s

Question 16

Wade-Davis Bill

Answer 16

*RR plan: punish those Confeds.

-Radical Republican Plan
-Punish former Confederates
-Each state needed 50% loyalty oath
-African American Suffrage
-Passed Congress: Lincoln Pocket Veto

a bill “to guarantee to certain States whose governments have been usurped or overthrown a republican form of government,” proposed for the Reconstruction of the South

Question 17

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 17

*Govt agency to aid former slaves

-Gov Agency to help former slaves
-Food, clothing, employment, schools

a U.S. government agency of early post American Civil War Reconstruction, assisting freedmen (i.e., former slaves) in the South

Question 18

13th Amendment

Answer 18

*Abolish slavery

-Mississippi refused

abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

Question 19

J. Wilkes Booth

Answer 19

*Killed ABE

-Ford’s Theater
-“Our American Cousin”

an American stage actor who assassinated United States President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., on April 14, 1865

Question 20

Plessy v. Ferguson

Answer 20

*S.C. segregation as long as equal

-Supreme Court ruled that businesses could be segregated if facilities were equal

a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for people of color were equal in quality to those of white people, a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”

Question 21

Border States

Answer 21

*Union slave states

-slave states remaining loyal to the Union
-DE, KY, MO, MD, and WV

four, later five, slave states in the Upper South that primarily supported the Union (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, West Virginia)

Question 22

Military Reconstruction

Answer 22

*5 military districts in the south

-Divide south into 5 military districts

passed by the Radical Republicans in 1867, established military rule over Southern states until new governments could be formed

Question 23

Anaconda Plan

Answer 23

*Winfield Scott’s plan to surround the south w/ naval blockade

-Winfield Scott
-Naval Blockade to disrupt foreign markets
-3500 miles of coastline to defend

a strategy outlined by the Union Army for suppressing the Confederacy at the beginning of the American Civil War

Question 24

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 24

*16th President: Unify the nation

the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until his assassination in 1865

Question 25

Fort Sumter

Answer 25

*Start of the Civil War

-Federal Control
-Charleston, SC
-No supplies
-Lincoln Dilemma
-Confederates Attack
-War begins!

a sea fort built on an artificial island near Charleston, South Carolina, to defend the region from a naval invasion

Question 26

Carpetbaggers

Answer 26

*Northerners who joined Republican party

-Northerners who moved south for political, economic, and moral reasons

a largely historical pejorative used by Southerners to describe allegedly opportunistic or disruptive Northerners who came to the Southern states after the American Civil War and were perceived to be exploiting the local populace for their own financial, political, or social gain

Question 27

Scalawags

Answer 27

*Southerners who joined Republican party

-Southerners who joined the Republican Party
-Seen as traitors to race and region

white Southerners who supported Reconstruction policies and efforts after the conclusion of the American Civil War

Question 28

sharecropping

Answer 28

*Former slaves go back to their old massa and work the land
*Never get out of debt

-Rent & work a piece of land
-Give portion of crops to land owner
-Many former slaves went to work for former owners
-Many could not get out of debt

a legal arrangement in which a landowner allows a tenant (sharecropper) to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on that land

Question 29

Ku Klux Klan

Answer 29

*Nathan Bedford Forrest
*AA
*Reps

-Grand Wizard: Nathan Bedford Forrest
-Targets (African Americans and Republicans)
-Enforcement Acts

an American white supremacist, far-right terrorist organization and hate group

Question 30

Enforcement Acts

Answer 30

*Fed govt combat terrorism

-Allowed Federal Government to combat terrorism

criminal codes that protected African Americans’ right to vote, to hold office, to serve on juries, and receive equal protection of laws

Question 31

election of 1876

Answer 31

*Tilden (D) and Hayes (R)
*Compromise of 1877 - remove 5 military districts

-Samuel J. Tilden (Dem) vs Rutherford B. Hayes (Rep)
-President Hayes (19th)
-Disputed by Democrats
-Hayes wins by one vote

Republican Rutherford B. Hayes defeated Democrat Samuel J. Tilden

Question 32

Antietam

Answer 32

*Union won
*Bloodiest battle
*Lincoln gives E.P.
*McClellan fired

-Gen. Lee (Confed) wanted major victory

took place during the American Civil War on September 17, 1862, between Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia and Union Major General George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac near Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek

Question 33

Gettysburg

Answer 33

*Confed lost 1/3 of their men
*Union won
*Turning point of Civil War

-Lee (Confederates) needs this!
-Meade replaces Hooker (Union)

a three-day battle in the American Civil War fought between Union and Confederate forces between July 1 and July 3, 1863, in and around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

Question 34

Vicksburg

Answer 34

*Union victory
*Grant splits Confed in 2

-General Grant (Union) marched his men south of the ferry
-After weeks of battles Grant surrounds the city
-Confederates dug in ate rats and mules

the final major military action in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War

Question 35

Appomattox Courthouse

Answer 35

*Lee (C) surrenders to Grant (U)

-Grant cut off Lee’s escape

one of the last, and ultimately one of the most consequential, battles of the American Civil War