Colonial Life, Revolutionary War and the Constitution (Chapters 3, 4, and 5)

Question 1

Articles of Confederation

Answer 1

-Republican Ideals
-Plan for Confederation
-Weaknesses
-Shays Rebellion

the first written constitution of the United States, 1781, established a weak central government and placed most powers in the hands of the states, no president or judicial branch, reflected the Founders’ beliefs that there should not be a centralized or powerful government

Question 2

Shays Rebellion

Answer 2

-Depression
-Daniel Shays
-Rebellion Crushed

a series of violent attacks on courthouses and other government properties in Massachusetts that began in 1786 and led to a full-blown military confrontation in 1787, rebels were mostly ex-Revolutionary War soldiers-turned farmers who opposed state economic policies causing poverty and property foreclosures, named after Daniel Shays (a farmer and former soldier who fought at Bunker Hill and was one of several leaders of the insurrection)

Question 3

Treaty of Paris

Answer 3

-1783
-U.S. independent
-U.S. Gained Northwest territory (Great Lakes to Florida to Mississippi River)

concluded the Revolutionary War in 1783, recognized U.S. independence and granted significant western territory to the U.S., ended the war of independence and granted the thirteen colonies political freedom, concluded the Franco-British conflicts of the Seven Years’ War, effectively ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America

Question 4

Bunker Hill

Answer 4

-Boston Breed’s Hill
-Gage (BR) turned back twice

fought on June 17 1775 during the Siege of Boston, named after Bunker Hill in Charlestown Massachusetts (1,200 troops)

Question 5

John Locke

Answer 5

-3 natural rights (Life, Liberty, Property)
-Remove gov that didn’t protect rights

the English philosopher and political theorist who influenced the Enlightenment and liberalism

Question 6

Loyalists

Answer 6

-Tories
-Loyal to the Crown

colonists who remained loyal to Great Britain during the American Revolution

Question 7

George Washington

Answer 7

-Fort Duquesne
-Leader of the Army
-Patriot Advantages
-not a great military strategist
-Great leader and motivator
-Integrity

an American Founding Father, politician, military officer, and farmer who served as the first president of the United States from 1789 to 1797

Question 8

Olive Branch Petition

Answer 8

-Congress pledges loyalty to crown
-Call for end to hostility (King George rejects it)

adopted by the Second Continental Congress on July 5, 1775, and signed on July 8 in a final attempt to avoid war between Great Britain and the Thirteen Colonies in America

Question 9

First Continental Congress

Answer 9

a meeting of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies in Philadelphia, delegates tried to resolve their differences with Britain over the Intolerable Acts through diplomacy rather than warfare

Question 10

Bill of Rights

Answer 10

the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution

Question 11

French Indian War

Answer 11

-1753-1760
-Benjamin Franklin
-George Washington
-Ohio River Valley
-Treaty of Paris

a theater of the Seven Years’ War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes

Question 12

Anne Hutchinson

Answer 12

-Led Bible Studies
-Truly saved does not need to obey GOD and man
-Trial: Convicted of heresy

a Puritan spiritual advisor, religious reformer, and an important participant in the Antinomian Controversy which shook the infant Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1636 to 1638

Question 13

Great Compromise

Answer 13

-Roger Sherman
-Bicameral: Upper - Senate: Equality - each state has two senators chosen by state legislators (foreign affairs)
-Lower - House of Representative: Based on population, elected by the people (*435)

an agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the United States Constitution (aka Connecticut Compromise)

Question 14

Stamp Act

Answer 14

-1765
-Taxes on all printed items

the first direct tax imposed by Britain on its American colonies, and the colonial resistance that led to its repeal, a British parliamentary attempt in 1765 to raise revenue through direct taxation of all American colonial commercial and legal papers, newspapers, pamphlets, cards, almanacs, and dice

Question 15

Samuel Adams

Answer 15

-protest Stamp Act

an American statesman, political philosopher, and a Founding Father of the United States

Question 16

Yorktown

Answer 16

-1781
-Cornwallis (BR) surrounded by Washington
-Lafayette and French fleet
-British surrender

the decisive victory of George Washington and his French allies over British General Cornwallis in 1781, which marked the end of the American Revolution

Question 17

Boston Tea Party

Answer 17

-B.E.I.T. Co. almost bankrupt
-Tea Act
-Gov. Hutchinson
-Intolerable Acts (coercive)

the 1773 protest that sparked the American Revolution, when colonists dumped British tea into the harbor to protest taxation without representation

Question 18

“Common Sense”

Answer 18

-Pamphlet
-Argued divorce Britain

a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 that challenged the authority of the British government and the royal monarchy

Question 19

Saratoga

Answer 19

-1777
-Burgoyne (BR) marched South from Canada to attack, met up with Howe (BR)
-Horatio Gates defeated Redcoats
-Benedict Arnold heroic
-Turning point on war - French declare war on Britain/later Spain joined

led to a decisive victory for the Continental Army in 1777, and how it changed the course of the American Revolution

Question 20

Salutary neglect

Answer 20

-Chill Britain

an unofficial British policy of not enforcing trade laws in the American Colonies, which allowed them to grow and develop

Question 21

Anti Federalists

Answer 21

-demanded individual protections
-Bill of Rights (Henry and S. Adams)

Americans who opposed the ratification of the U.S. Constitution in 1787

Question 22

Jonathan Edwards

Answer 22

-America’s Greatest theologian
-“Sinners in the hands of an Angry God”

the American theologian and philosopher who led the Great Awakening and defended Calvinist doctrine

Question 23

Maryland

Answer 23

-Haven for Catholics

earned the nickname “The Old Line State” due to the bravery and reliability of its troops

Question 24

John Winthrop

Answer 24

-“City Upon a Hill”

the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony and a leader of the Puritan founders of New England

Question 25

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 25

-Slaves 3/5 a person for population and taxes

every enslaved American would be counted as three-fifths of a person for taxation and representation purposes

Question 26

Declaration of Independence

Answer 26

-Author: Thomas Jefferson
-Traitors to crown, failure meant imprisonment or death
-Preamble: Natural Rights - Lif, liberty and property

the document that declared the thirteen American colonies independent from Great Britain in 1776

Question 27

Patrick Henry

Answer 27

-“Give me liberty…”

an American politician, planter and orator who declared to the Second Virginia Convention (1775): “Give me liberty, or give me death!”

Question 28

Boston massacre

Answer 28

-March 5, 1770
-2 British regiments (4,000 troops)
-50-60 colonists taunt soldiers
-3 colonists killed - 2 die later
-John Adams defends British troops in court

a confrontation in Boston on March 5, 1770, in which nine British soldiers shot several of a crowd of three or four hundred who were harassing them verbally and throwing various projectiles

Question 29

James Madison

Answer 29

an American statesman, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fourth president of the United States from 1809 to 1817

Question 30

Lafayette

Answer 30

-French fleet

a French nobleman and military officer who volunteered to join the Continental Army, led by General George Washington, in the American Revolutionary War

Question 31

Trenton

Answer 31

-1776
-Christmas surprise!

a small but pivotal American Revolutionary War battle on the morning of December 26, 1776]

Question 32

John Adams

Answer 32

-defends British troops in court

an American statesman, attorney, diplomat, writer, and Founding Father who served as the second president of the United States from 1797 to 1801

Question 33

Paul Revere

Answer 33

-artist of The Boston Massacre
-“One if by land, and two by sea”
-Lanterns at Old North Church

an American silversmith, military officer and industrialist who played a major role during the opening months of the American Revolutionary War in Massachusetts

Question 34

Jamestown

Answer 34

-King James I (SWAG)
-The Colony Survives

the first permanent English settlement in the Americas

Question 35

John Smith

Answer 35

-Powhatan ally

a soldier, pirate, enslaved person and colonist who played a key role in the founding of Jamestown