SEM I FINAL EXAM

Question 1

French-Indian War

Answer 1

a theater of the Seven Years’ War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes

Question 2

Shays Rebellion

Answer 2

an armed uprising in Western Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government’s increased efforts to collect taxes on both individuals and their trades

Question 3

Articles of Confederation

Answer 3

an agreement among the 13 states of the United States, formerly the Thirteen Colonies, that served as the nation’s first frame of government

Question 4

Boston Massacre

Answer 4

a confrontation in Boston on March 5, 1770, in which nine British soldiers shot several of a crowd of three or four hundred who were harassing them verbally and throwing various projectiles

Question 5

13 Colonies

Answer 5

a group of British colonies on the Atlantic coast of North America during the 17th and 18th centuries

Question 6

Dec. of Ind.

Answer 6

an assertion by a polity in a defined territory that it is independent and constitutes a state

Question 7

Stamp Act

Answer 7

an Act of the Parliament of Great Britain which imposed a direct tax on the British colonies in America and required that many printed materials in the colonies be produced on stamped paper from London which included an embossed revenue stamp

Question 8

Yorktown

Answer 8

a series of military maneuvers and battles during the American Revolutionary War that culminated in the siege of Yorktown in October 1781

Question 9

Common Sense

Answer 9

a 47-page pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1775–1776 advocating independence from Great Britain to people in the Thirteen Colonies

Question 10

Battle of Saratoga

Answer 10

marked the climax of the Saratoga campaign, giving a decisive victory to the Americans over the British in the American Revolutionary War

Question 11

Alexander Ham.

Answer 11

an American military officer, statesman, and Founding Father who served as the first U.S. secretary of the treasury from 1789 to 1795 during George Washington’s presidency

Question 12

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 12

an American statesman, planter, diplomat, lawyer, architect, philosopher, and Founding Father who served as the third president of the United States from 1801 to 1809

Question 13

Great Compromise

Answer 13

an agreement reached during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 that in part defined the legislative structure and representation each state would have under the United States Constitution

Question 14

Bill of Rights

Answer 14

a declaration of the rights that a citizenry have

Question 15

Fort McHenry

Answer 15

a historical American coastal pentagonal bastion fort on Locust Point, now a neighborhood of Baltimore, Maryland

Question 16

Lewis and Clark

Answer 16

the United States expedition to cross the newly acquired western portion of the country after the Louisiana Purchase

Question 17

Missouri Compromise

Answer 17

federal legislation of the United States that balanced the desires of northern states to prevent the expansion of slavery in the country with those of southern states to expand it

Question 18

Horace Mann

Answer 18

an American educational reformer, slavery abolitionist and Whig politician known for his commitment to promoting public education, he is thus also known as The Father of American Education

Question 19

Monroe Doctrine

Answer 19

a United States foreign policy position that opposes European colonialism in the Western Hemisphere

Question 20

Louisiana Purchase

Answer 20

the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803

Question 21

Dorothea Dix

Answer 21

an American advocate on behalf of the indigent mentally ill who, through a vigorous and sustained program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums

Question 22

Lyman Beecher

Answer 22

a Presbyterian minister, and the father of 13 children, many of whom became writers or ministers, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, Catharine Beecher, and Thomas K. Beecher

Question 23

The Alamo

Answer 23

a pivotal event and military engagement in the Texas Revolution

Question 24

Manifest Destiny

Answer 24

a phrase that represented the belief in the 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand westward across North America, and that this belief was both obvious (“manifest”) and certain (“destiny”)

Question 25

Mexican War

Answer 25

an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848

Question 26

Sam Houston

Answer 26

an American general and statesman who played a prominent role in the Texas Revolution

Question 27

Santa Anna

Answer 27

a Mexican soldier, politician, and caudillo who served as the 8th president of Mexico on multiple times between 1833 and 1855

Question 28

Homestead Act

Answer 28

several laws in the United States by which an applicant could acquire ownership of government land or the public domain, typically called a homestead

Question 29

Compromise of 1850

Answer 29

a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that temporarily defused tensions between slave and free states in the years leading up to the American Civil War

Question 30

Abolitionists

Answer 30

the movement to end slavery and liberate enslaved individuals around the world

Question 31

Dred Scott Case

Answer 31

a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court that held the U.S. Constitution did not extend American citizenship to people of black African descent, and therefore they could not enjoy the rights and privileges the Constitution conferred upon American citizens

Question 32

Bleeding Kansas

Answer 32

a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, and to a lesser extent in western Missouri, between 1854 and 1859

Question 33

John Brown

Answer 33

an American evangelist who was a prominent leader in the American abolitionist movement in the decades preceding the Civil War

Question 34

Gettysburg

Answer 34

a famous speech, which U.S. President Abraham Lincoln delivered during the American Civil War

Question 35

Freedmen’s Bureau

Answer 35

a U.S. government agency of early post American Civil War Reconstruction, assisting freedmen (i.e., former slaves) in the South

Question 36

Southern Adv.

Answer 36

could produce all the food it needed, had a great nucleus of trained officers, had more competent generals, greater will power, and better strategy, had better military leadership, had free labor at home in the form of slaves so that they could go to war without worrying about their farms

Question 37

Northern Adv.

Answer 37

larger population, greater industrial capacity, superior transportation networks, superior food supply, powerful navy

Question 38

Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 38

a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, during the American Civil War

Question 39

Abe Lincoln

Answer 39

the 16th president of the United States, serving from 1861 until his assassination in 1865

Question 40

Plessy V. Ferguson

Answer 40

a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision ruling that racial segregation laws did not violate the U.S. Constitution as long as the facilities for people of color were equal in quality to those of white people, a doctrine that came to be known as “separate but equal”

Question 41

Populist Party

Answer 41

a political party in the United States between 1984 and 1996

Question 42

Triangle Shirtwaist

Answer 42

the deadliest industrial disaster in the history of the city, and one of the deadliest in U.S. history

Question 43

Trust-busting

Answer 43

a large grouping of business interests with significant market power, which may be embodied as a corporation or as a group of corporations that cooperate with one another in various ways

Question 44

Muckrakers

Answer 44

reform-minded journalists, writers, and photographers in the Progressive Era in the United States (1890s–1920s) who claimed to expose corruption and wrongdoing in established institutions, often through sensationalist publications

Question 45

Political Machines

Answer 45

a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives (such as money or political jobs) and that is characterized by a high degree of leadership control over member activity

Question 46

Teddy Roosevelt

Answer 46

the 26th president of the United States, serving from 1901 to 1909

Question 47

18th

Answer 47

established the prohibition of alcohol in the United States

Question 48

19th

Answer 48

prohibits the United States and its states from denying the right to vote to citizens of the United States on the basis of sex, in effect recognizing the right of women to vote

Question 49

Wobblies

Answer 49

an international labor union founded in Chicago in 1905

Question 50

Hawaii

Answer 50

an island state of the United States, in the Pacific Ocean about 2,000 miles (3,200 km) southwest of the U.S. mainland

Question 51

Panama Canal

Answer 51

an artificial 82-kilometer (51-mile) waterway in Panama that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean, cutting across the Isthmus of Panama, and is a conduit for maritime trade

Question 52

USS Maine

Answer 52

the lead ship of her class of battleships

Question 53

De Lome Letter

Answer 53

a note written by Señor Don Enrique Dupuy de Lôme, the Spanish Ambassador to the United States, to Don José Canalejas y Méndez, the Foreign Minister of Spain, reveals de Lôme’s opinion about the Spanish involvement in Cuba and US President McKinley’s diplomacy

Question 54

Rough Riders

Answer 54

the 1st United States Volunteer Cavalry, one of three such regiments raised in 1898 for the Spanish–American War and the only one to see combat

Question 55

Jones Act

Answer 55

a bill that increased the penalties for violating prohibition