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Medical Terminology > The Gastrointestinal System > Flashcards

The Gastrointestinal System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q 
Which of the following roots refers to the tube that connects the mouth and stomach?
Select one:
a. enter/o
b. esophag/o 
c. lingu/o
d. or/o
A

b. esophag/o

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2
Q 
Which of the following roots refers to the first of the three sections of the small intestine and literally means twelve?
Select one:
a. colon/o
b. duoden/o 
c. enter/o
d. ile/o
A

b. duoden/o

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3
Q 
Which of the following roots refers to the last of the three sections of the small intestine and literally means groin?
Select one:
a. colon/o
b. duoden/o
c. enter/o
d. ile/o
A

d. ile/o

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4
Q 
Which of the following roots refers to the large intestine?
Select one:
a. colon/o 
b. duoden/o
c. enter/o
d. ile/o
A

a. colon/o

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5
Q 
Translate the root odont/o.
Select one:
a. gums
b. mouth
c. tongue
d. tooth
A

d. tooth

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6
Q 
Translate the root enter/o.
Select one:
a. abdomen
b. colon
c. intestines 
d. mouth
A

c. intestines

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7
Q 
Translate the root proct/o.
Select one:
a. anus
b. anus and rectum 
c. rectum
d. sphincter
A

b. anus and rectum

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8
Q

Translate the root sigmoid/o.
Select one:
a. the first part of the small intestine
b. the second part of the small intestine
c. the S-shaped portion of the large intestine
d. the last portion of the small intestine

A

c. the S-shaped portion of the large intestine

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9
Q 
The medical term that translates as surgical removal of the pancreas is
Select one:
a. pancrectomy.
b. pancreotomy.
c. pancreatectomy. 
d. pancreatomy.
A

c. pancreatectomy.

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10
Q 
Which of the following combination of roots refers to the ducts through which bile leaves the liver?
Select one:
a. cholangio
b. choledocho
c. cholecyst
d. hepatochole
A

a. cholangio

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11
Q 
Which combination of roots refers to the common bile duct, a single tube that empties into the small intestine?
Select one:
a. cholangio
b. choledocho 
c. cholecyst
d. hepatochole
A

b. choledocho

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12
Q 
Which combination of roots refers to the gallbladder, a small organ located under the liver that stores bile?
Select one:
a. cholangio
b. choledocho
c. cholecyst 
d. hepatochole
A

c. cholecyst

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13
Q 
Identify and define the root in the term gingivectomy.
Select one:
a. gingiv- gums 
b. gingiv- mouth
c. ec- out
d. -tomy cut
A

a. gingiv- gums

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14
Q 
Identify and define the root in the term glossoplasty.
Select one:
a. glosso- gums
b. glosso- mouth
c. glosso- tongue 
d. -plasty reconstruction
A

c. glosso- tongue

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15
Q 
Identify the correct pronunciation for the medical term cholangiography.
Select one:
a. CHOH-lan-JEE-aw-grah-phee 
b. chohl-AN-gee-AW-grah -phee
c. koh-LAN-jee-AW-grah-fee
d. kohl-ANJ- ee- AW-graf-fee
A

c. koh-LAN-jee-AW-grah-fee

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16
Q

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term sialorrhea?
Select one:
a. sialo (saliva) + rrhea (deficiency) = deficiency of saliva
b. sialo (saliva) + rrhea (discharge) = discharge of saliva
c. sialo (small intestine) + rrhea (deficiency) = deficiency in the small intestine
d. sialo (small intestine) + rrhea (excessive discharge) = excessive discharge from the small intestine

A

b. sialo (saliva) + rrhea (discharge) = discharge of saliva

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17
Q

Translate the medical term aphagia as literally as possible.
Select one:
a. condition of bad eating; poor eating habits
b. condition of good eating; normal eating habits
c. condition of not eating; inability to eat
d. condition of over eating; excessive food intake

A

c. condition of not eating; inability to eat

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18
Q 
Which of the following medical terms means excessive vomiting?
Select one:
a. aphagia
b. dyspepsia
c. eupepsia
d. hyperemesis
A

d. hyperemesis

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19
Q 
Which of the following medical terms means gallbladder pain?
Select one:
a. cholalgia
b. cholecystalgia 
c. choledochodynia
d. cholecystitis
A

b. cholecystalgia

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20
Q 
Which of the following medical terms means bad intestine condition and is another name for diarrhea?
Select one:
a. aphagia
b. dysentery 
c. dyspepsia
d. enterodynia
A

b. dysentery

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21
Q

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term sialostenosis?
Select one:
a. sialo (saliva) + sten (hard) + osis (condition) = condition of saliva hardening
b. sialo (saliva) + sten (narrow) + osis (condition) = condition of saliva narrowing
c. sialo (small intestine) + sten (hard) + osis (condition) = condition of small intestine hardening
d. sialo (small intestine) + sten (narrow) + osis (condition) = condition of small intestine narrowing

A

b. sialo (saliva) + sten (narrow) + osis (condition) = condition of saliva narrowing

22
Q 
Translate the medical term biligenesis.
Select one:
a. creation of bile 
b. hardening of bile
c. creation of feces
d. hardening of feces
A

a. creation of bile

23
Q 
Translate the medical term stomatosis.
Select one:
a. condition of the mouth 
b. inflammation of the mouth
c. condition of the stomach
d. inflammation of the stomach
A

a. condition of the mouth

24
Q 
Which medical term means procedure for looking at the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity?
Select one:
a. gastroscopy
b. laparoscopy 
c. peritoneoscopy
d. proctoscopy
A

c. peritoneoscopy

25
Q 
Which medical term means procedure for looking at the end of the colon, before the rectum begins?
Select one:
a. laparoscopy
b. peritoneoscopy
c. proctoscopy
d. sigmoidoscopy
A

d. sigmoidoscopy

26
Q

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term gingival hyperplasia?
Select one:
a. gingiv (gum) + al (pertaining to) + hyper (over) + plasia (formation) = over formation pertaining to the gums
b. gingiv (gum) + al (pertaining to) + hyper (under) + plasia (formation) = under formation pertaining to the gums
c. gingiv (mouth) + al (pertaining to) + hyper (over) + plasia (formation) = over formation of pertaining to the mouth
d. gingiv (mouth) + al (pertaining to) + hyper (under) + plasia (formation) = under formation pertaining to the mouth

A

a. gingiv (gum) + al (pertaining to) + hyper (over) + plasia (formation) = over formation pertaining to the gums

27
Q

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term celiomyositis?
Select one:
a. celio (abdomen) + myos (muscle) + itis (condition) = condition of the abdominal muscle
b. celio (abdomen) + myos (muscle) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the abdominal muscle
c. celio (colon) + myos (fungus) + itis (condition) = condition of the colon caused by fungus
d. celio (colon) + myos (fungus) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the colon caused by fungus

A

b. celio (abdomen) + myos (muscle) + itis (inflammation) = inflammation of the abdominal muscle

28
Q

Translate the medical term cholangioma.
Select one:
a. chol (bile) + angi (duct) + oma (condition) = condition of the bile duct
b. chol (bile) + angi (duct) + oma (tumor) = tumor of the bile duct
c. chol (bile) + angi (vessel) + oma (tumor) = tumor of the bile vessel
d. chol (colon) + angi (vessel) + oma (condition) = condition of the colon vessels

A

c. chol (bile) + angi (vessel) + oma (tumor) = tumor of the bile vessel

29
Q 
Which of the following medical terms means inflammation of the second and third sections of the small intestine?
Select one:
a. jejunoileitis 
b. gingivostomatitis
c. ileocolitis
d. peritonitis
A

a. jejunoileitis

30
Q 
Which of the following medical terms means downward displacement of the rectum and anus?
Select one:
a. proctitis
b. proctoplasty
c. proctoptosis 
d. rectalgia
A

c. proctoptosis

31
Q 
Which of the following medical terms means inflammation of the tube that connects the mouth and stomach?
Select one:
a. duodenitis
b. esophagitis 
c. ileitis
d. jejunitis
A

b. esophagitis

32
Q 
Which of the following medical terms refers to an abnormal opening between the anus and the exterior perianal skin?
Select one:
a. anal fistula 
b. anostomy
c. fistula
d. rectal fistula
A

a. anal fistula

33
Q 
Select the correct breakdown of the medical term pancreatoduodenectomy into its component parts.
Select one:
a. pancreatoduoden/ectomy
b. pancreato/duoden/ectomy 
c. pan/creato/duoden/ectomy
d. pan/creato/duo/den/ec/tomy
A

b. pancreato/duoden/ectomy

34
Q

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term glossorrhaphy?
Select one:
a. glosso (gum) + rrhaphy (reconstruction) = reconstruction of the gums
b. glosso (tongue) + rrhaphy (binding) = binding of the tongue
c. glosso (tongue) + rrhaphy (fixation) = surgical fixation of the tongue
d. glosso (tongue) + rrhaphy (suture) = suture of the tongue

A

d. glosso (tongue) + rrhaphy (suture) = suture of the tongue

35
Q

Select the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term odontectomy.
Select one:
a. odont (gums) + ec (out) + tomy (cut) = surgical removal of the gums
b. odont (tooth) + ectomy (incision) = incision into a
c. odont (tooth) + ectomy (reconstruction) = reconstruction of a tooth
d. odont (tooth) + ectomy (removal) = surgical removal of a tooth

A

d. odont (tooth) + ectomy (removal) = surgical removal of a tooth

36
Q

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term colostomy?
Select one:
a. colo (colon) + stomy (creation of an opening) = creation of an opening in the colon
b. colo (colon) + stomy (fixation) = surgical fixation of the colon
c. colo (colon) + stomy (puncture) = puncture of the colon
d. colo (colon) + stomy (removal) = surgical removal of the colon

A

a. colo (colon) + stomy (creation of an opening) = creation of an opening in the colon

37
Q

Select the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term enterorrhaphy.
Select one:
a. entero (intestine) + rrhaphy (fixation) = surgical fixation of the intestine
b. entero (intestine) + rrhaphy (puncture) = puncture of the intestine
c. entero (intestine) + rrhaphy (surgical removal) = surgical removal of (a portion of) the intestine
d. entero (intestine) + rrhaphy (suture) = suture of the intestine

A

d. entero (intestine) + rrhaphy (suture) = suture of the intestine

38
Q

Which of the following is the correct breakdown and translation of the medical term hemicolectomy?
Select one:
a. hemi (two) + col (intestines) + ec (in) + tomy (cut) = incision into two sections of the small intestine
b. hemi (two) + col (colon) + ectomy (incision) = incision into two sections of the colon
c. hemi (half) + col (colon) + ec (in) + tomy (cut) = incision into half of the colon
d. hemi (half) + col (colon) + ectomy (removal) = surgical removal of half of the colon

A

d. hemi (half) + col (colon) + ectomy (removal) = surgical removal of half of the colon

39
Q

Translate the medical term antiemetic as literally as possible.
Select one:
a. agent against acid, an agent that neutralizes acid
b. agent against intestine, an agent that produces bowel movements
c. agent against vomiting, an agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting
d. agent over vomiting, an agent that causes vomiting

A

c. agent against vomiting, an agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting

40
Q 
Select the correct translation of the medical term rectopexy.
Select one:
a. binding of the rectum
b. fixation of the rectum
c. puncture of the rectum
d. reconstruction of the rectum
A

b. fixation of the rectum

41
Q 
Translate the medical term abdominocentesis.
Select one:
a. binding of the abdomen
b. fixation of the abdomen
c. puncture of the abdomen 
d. reconstruction of the abdomen
A

c. puncture of the abdomen

42
Q

Translate the medical term celiotomy.
Select one:
a. incision into the abdomen
b. incision into the lining of the stomach
c. reconstruction of the stomach
d. surgical fixation of the membrane that lines the abdominal cavity

A

a. incision into the abdomen

43
Q 
Which of the following medical terms means creation of an opening between the stomach and the second section of the small intestine?
Select one:
a. cholangiogastrostomy
b. gastroduodenostomy
c. gastroenterostomy
d. gastrojejunostomy
A

d. gastrojejunostomy

44
Q 
Which of the following medical terms means surgical fixation of the liver?
Select one:
a. hepaticotomy
b. hepatomalacia
c. hepatopexy 
d. hepatoptosis
A

c. hepatopexy

45
Q 
Which of the following medical terms translates as a wear down procedure of bile stones?
Select one:
a. cholelith
b. cholelithiasis
c. cholethithotomy
d. cholelithotripsy
A

d. cholelithotripsy

46
Q 
Select the correct meaning of the abbreviation N&V.
Select one:
a. nasogastric tube and vomiting
b. nasovasoscopy
c. nausea and vomiting 
d. nauseous and volatile
A

c. nausea and vomiting

47
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the abbreviation NPO?
Select one:
a. It stands for nasogastric tube and refers to the tube inserted through the nose into the stomach.
b. It stands for nil per os and means nothing by mouth.
c. It stands for noninvasive peritoneoscopy and refers to a method of looking at the peritoneum without surgery.
d. It stands for nothing passes orally and means a patient cannot have food or drink.

A

b. It stands for nil per os and means nothing by mouth.

48
Q 
The abbreviation for a tube that is inserted through the nose into the stomach is
Select one:
a. LFT.
b. NGT. 
c. NPO.
d. N&V.
A

b. NGT.

49
Q

Read the following Hospital Course excerpt: “Mrs. Collach was admitted to the medical service. She was placed on NPO status and given IVF and analgesics. An ultrasound revealed gallstones in the common bile duct as the etiology for Mrs. Collach’s pancreatitis. Surgery was consulted.” According to this excerpt, which of the following statements is TRUE?
Select one:
a. Mrs. Collach has cholecystitis.
b. Mrs. Collach has a choledochocele.
c. Mrs. Collach has choledocholithiasis.
d. Mrs. Collach has pancreatoduodenitis.

A

c. Mrs. Collach has choledocholithiasis.

50
Q 
Another medical term for jaundice is
Select one:
a. dysentery.
b. icterus. 
c. hematemesis.
d. flatus.
A

b. icterus.

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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