the forearm and hand Flashcards
how is the radioulnar joint arranged?
into 3 distinct joint
what type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?
what articulates? what type of movement does it allow?
what are its reinforcing structures?
-synovial joint
-head od radius with radial notch of ulna
-pivot (rotation)
annular ligament holds the head of the radius to the ulna
what type of joint is the middle radioulnar joint? what articulates? what type of movement does it allow?
what are its reinforcing structures?
- solid, syndesmosis joint
- -shaft of radius and ulna
- no movement
- interosseus membrane which connects the ulna and radius together
what type of joint is the distal radioulnar joint? what articulates? what type of movement does it allow?
what are its reinforcing structures?
- synovial joint
- head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius
- pivot (rotation)
- ventrl and dorsal radioulnar ligament
how can supination be described?
bones of the radius and ulna are parallel to each other
how can pronation be described?
radius will cross over the top of the ulna
how many carpal bones do we have in our hands?
where are they located?
- 8
- the carpal bones formes the base of the hand, closest to the wrist
what are the Carpal bones Name?
Scaphoid Lunate Triquetrum Pisiform Hamate Capitate Trapezoid Trapezium
what trick can be used to recall the carpal bones? in what direction does it go?
some lovers try positions that they can’t handle
goes fro lateral to medial for both rows
also can use venturas trick: so long to pinky here comes the thumb
what is a main source of wrist injuries?
often occur due to the scaphoid fracture which occurs due to tripping hands flat to the ground
how many metacarpals are there in the hand?
5
how is the morphology of phalanges and metacarpal bones?
they are divided into 3 subsections, head, body and base
how many phalanges can be found on the thumb? on the other fingers?
thumb 2: distal and proximal
others = 3: distal, middle and proximal
what type of joint is the intercarpal joints?
what do they articulate with?
what movement is permitted?
- synovial
- articulate between the carpal bones
- plane and gliding
what is another name given to the wrist joint?
radiocarpal joint
what type of joint is the radiocarpal joints?
what do they articulate with?
- synovial, ellipsoid
- articulations between distal radius, triangular fibrocartilage disc and the proximal row (row closest to wrist) of carpals except Pisiform
what movement can be accomplished by the radiocarpal joint?
flexion/extension
abduction (radial deviation)/ adduction (ulnar deviation)
what ligaments reinforce the joints of the wrist and what movement do they limit?
- radial collateral ligament prevents adduction (U.D)
- Ulnar collateral ligament prevents abduction (R.D)
where about in the hand is the metacarpophalangeal ( MCP) joint found
between the metacarpals and the proximal phalanges
what type of joint is MCP?
what movement can be executed?
synovial, ellipsoid joint
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
where in the hand is the carpometracarpal (CMC) joint I found?
between the 1st metacarpal and trapezium
what type of joint is CMCI?
what movement can be executed?
synovial, saddle joint
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
opposition (movement specific to humans)
where in the hand is the carpometracarpal (CMC) joint II-V found?
between the distal row (closer to fingers) of carpal bones and the metacarpals II-V
what type of joint is CMCII-V?
what movement can be executed?
synovial ellipsoid joint
very limited movement, however, CMC IV and V facilitate opposition to thumb
what type of joint is the interphalengeal joints(IP)
what movement can be executed?
-synovial hinge joint
-articulates between the proximal and middle phalanges (PIP)
and between the middle and distal phalanges (DIP)
-flexion/extension
what is the anterior compartment of the forearm composed of?
flexors and pronators of the wrist and flexors of the digits
what is the posterior compartment composed of?
extensors and supinators of the wrist and extensors of the digits
what are the pronators of the forearm?
- pronator teres
- pronator quadratus
Pronator Teres
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
Located?
- origin: medial epicondyle of the humerus
- insertion: lateral radius
- action: pronation of the forearm
- innervation: Median nerve C6-C7
location: superficial layer
pronator quadratus
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
Located?
- origin: anterior distal ulna
- insertion: anterior distal radius
- action: pronation
- innervation: anterior interosseous of median nerve (c8-t1)
Located? deep layer
what are the supinators of the forearm?
- biceps brachii
- supinator
supinator
- origin
- insertion
- action
- innervation
Located?
- origin: lateral epicondyle of humerus
- insertion: proximal lateral radius
- action: supination
when performing hammer curls in what position are we?
what muscle has the strongest pull?
- neutral
- strongest pull: brachioradialis
when performing reverse bicep curls in what position are we? what muscle has the strongest pull?
pronated
-strongest pull: brachialis
when performing bicep curls in what position are we?
supination
strongest pull: biceps brachii
what muscle of the arm is at a disadvantage in pronation?
biceps brachii
what muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the forearm in the superficial layer
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris Longus
- Flexor carpi Ulnaris
- flexor carpi radialis
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
- insertion: base of Metacarpals 2-3
- action: flexion and abduction (R.D) of the hand at the wrist
- palmaris Longus
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
- insertion: palmar aponeurosis
- action: flexion of hand at the wrist (weak)
- Flexor carpi Ulnaris
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: medial epicondyle of humerus
- insertion: pisiform, hamate and base of metacarpal 5
- action: flexion and adduction (U.D) of the hand at the wrist
How can the superficial muscles of the anterior arm compartment be easily remembered
place thumb on the medial epicondyle and lay the digits along the anterior forearm
begin with index (pronator teres)
what 3 tendons can be found on the anterior forearm and where?
- tendon of flexor carpi radialis: most lateral
- tendon of palmaris longus: middle one
- tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris: most medial
what muscle is found in the intermediate layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor Digitorum superficialis (FDS)
Flexor Digitorum superficialis (FDS)
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus, head and proximalthird of the radius
- insertion: 4 tendons spliting on the side of the middle phalanges II-V
- action: flexion of the wrist, MCP and PIP joints
where about the hand does the tendon of FDS split?
priot to inserting on the middle phalanx
what muscles can be found in the deepest layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus
- flexor digitorum profundus
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: ulna and interosseus membrane
- insertion: base of the distal phalanx of digits II-V
- action: flexion of the wrist, MCP, PIP, and DIP
- flexor pollicis longus
- origin
- insertion
- action
- origin: radius and interosseus membrane
- insertion: distal phalnx of digit 1 (thumb)
- action: flexion of the wrist, MCP and joints of the thumb (IP joints)
What myotomes are involved in supination of the forearm?
What trick can be used to memorize
C5-C6
I flick my wrist
What movement is associated with mytomes C7-C8 in the wrist?
What trick is used to remember
Pronation of the forearm
The time is late
What myotomes is involved in wrist flexion and extension? Whats the trick to recall?
C6-C7
Fly to heaven
