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ANAT315 benny cards > muscles of the back and neck > Flashcards

muscles of the back and neck Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the trapezius when the scapula is fixed?

A

Bilateral: cervical extension

Unilateral: ipsilat lat flex, contralateral rotation of head

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2
Q

What are the muscles found in the transversospinalis group

A
  • semispinalis
  • multifudus
  • rotatores (longus and brevis)
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3
Q

what is the function of the latissimus dorsi when the scapula is fixed?

A

bilateral: extension of lumbar spine
unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

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4
Q

obliquus capitus inferior

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: SP of C2
  • insertion: TP of C1
  • action: ipsilateral rotation of the head via neck
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5
Q

Rotatores

  • origin?
  • Insertion?
A
  • origin: Thoracic Region TPs

- Insertion: SPs of vertebrae above origin (1 vertebrae above origin= brevis, 2-3 vertebrae above origin= Longus)

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6
Q

Longus Colli

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
  • innervation
A
  • origin: VBs (C5-T3)
  • insertion: VBs and TPs of cervical vertebrae
  • action: flexion of the cervical spine
  • ant rami C2-C6
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7
Q

Scalenes?

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: TPs of cervical vertebrae
  • insertion: anterior and middle scalene on Rib 1, Posterior scalene on Rib 2
  • action: elevation of ribs during inspiration, flexion of the cervical spine (if unilat)
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8
Q

intrinsic muscles are generally attached where?

A

these are muscles that generally have attachments on the ribs or vertebral column

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9
Q

serratus posterior inferior

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • main functions?
A

Origin: Thoracolumbar Fascia, SPs of T11-L2
Insertion: inf border ribs 8-12
main function: depression of lower ribs, proprioception

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10
Q

Rectus Capitis Lateralis and Anterior

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
  • innervation
A
  • origin: TP of Atlas (C1)
  • insertion: Occipital bone (base of skull)
  • action: ipsilat lat flex (lateralis), flex + ipsilat rot (anterior)
  • ant rami C1-C2
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11
Q

Semispinalis

  • origin?
  • Insertion?
A
  • origin: Tps of the cervical and thoracic

- Insertion: SPs 4-6 Vertebral levels above origin

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12
Q

what is the innervation of the anterior deep muscles of the neck?

A

anterior rami of C1-C3

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13
Q

what is the innervation of scalenes?

A

anterior Rami C3-C8

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14
Q

What muscle group does the splenius belong to?

Neck or Back?

A

Neck (superficial group)

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15
Q

what is the main action of transversospinalis group?

A
  • contralateral rotation of the spine

- semispinalis also allows extension of the head (Capitus)

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16
Q 
Sternocleidomastoid
Origin?
Insertion?
innervation?
Main functions?
A

origin: Sternum and clavicle
Insertion: Mastoid Process
Innervation: Spinal Acessory Nerve

functions:
Bilateral = extension + flexion of neck
Unilateral = ipsilat lat flexion, contralat rot neck

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17
Q

rectus capitus posterior minor

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: posterior tubercule of Atlas (C1)
  • insertion: occipital bone
  • action: extension of the head
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18
Q

Levatores costarum

  • origin?
  • Insertion?
  • actions?
A
  • origin: TP from C7-T11
  • Insertion: Upper boarder of the ribs
  • actions: Elevates ribs, Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column
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19
Q

Levator scapulae

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • main functions?
A

-Origin:Transverse Processes of C1-C4
-Insertion: Superiomedial boarder of the scapula
-Primary Function:Movement of the scapula
Secondary function: unilateral ipsilateral, lateral flexion of the cervical spine
bilateral extension of the neck

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20
Q

Rhomboid minor and major

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • main functions?
A
  • Origin: spinal processes of the C7-T5
  • insertion: Medial boarder of the scapula (minor is attached superior to Major)
  • main function: movement of the scapula
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21
Q

where is the innervation of the splenius muscles?

A

Posterior Rami of the cervical spine

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22
Q

Splenius Capitus

  • origin?
  • Insertion?
  • actions?
A

-origin:Ligamentum of Nuchae and SPs of C7-T3
-Insertion: Matoid process of the temporal bone
-actions: Bilateral extension of the head.
Unilateral: lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the head

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23
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the back innervated by?

A

by branches of the posterior rami of spinal nerves

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24
Q

obliquus capitus superior

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: TP of Atlas (C1)
  • insertion: occipital bone
  • action: extension and ipsilateral lateral flexion of the head
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25
Q

rectus capitus posterior major

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: SP of axis (C2)
  • insertion: Occipital bone
  • action: extension and ipsilateral rotation of the head
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26
Q

What are the posterior suboccipital muscles of the neck?

A
  • rectus capitus posterior major
  • rectus capitus posterior minor
  • obliquus capitus superior
  • obliquus capitus inferior
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27
Q

what extrinsic back muscles are found in the 3rd superficial layer?

A
  • serratus posterior superior

- serratus posterior inferior

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28
Q

what back muscles are included in the 1st superficial layer?

A
  • Trapezius

- latissimus Dorsi

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29
Q

what are intrinsic muscleS?

A

these are muscles located in one area and allow for movement in that particular area

30
Q

deep muscles of the back is another name given to which muscles?

A

the intrinsic muscles

31
Q

what types of muscles of the back are responsible for the movement of the upper limbs?

A

extrinsic muscles

32
Q

serratus posterior superior

  • origin?
  • insertion?
  • main functions?
A

-origin: Nuchal ligament and SPs of C7-T3
-Insertion: sup border ribs 2-4
main function: elevation of the upper ribs, proprioception

33
Q

Multifidus

  • origin?
  • Insertion?
A
  • origin: Thoracolumbar TPs

- Insertion:SPs 2-4 Vertebral levels above origin

34
Q

what muscles are found in the splenius?

A

-splenius Capitus

Splenius Cevicis

35
Q

what are the minor deep muscles of the back?

A
  • Interspinalis
  • intertransversari
  • levatores Costarum
36
Q

how are extrinsic muscles of the back innervated? is there an exception?

A

superficial muscles of the back are innervated by the branches of the anterior rami of the spinal nerves however, trapezius is innervated by the spinal accessory nerves

37
Q

what is the main actions of the Erector Spinae?

A

-bilateral: extension of the vertebral column
-unilateral: lat flexion spine

Unilateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column (strictly accomplished by the Iliocostalis)

38
Q

What are the muscles found in the erector Spinae?

What is the trick to remember them?

A
  • Iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • Spinalis

-I like standing muscles

39
Q

what is the primary function of intrinsic muscles?

A

they support and allow movement of the vertebral column

40
Q

Splenius Cervicis

  • origin?
  • Insertion?
  • actions?
A

-origin: SPs of T3-4
-Insertion: TPs of C1-3
-actions:
Bilateral:Extension of the spine
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion and ipsilateral rotation of the neck

41
Q

What back and neck muscles are involved in respiration?

A
  • serratus posterior superior
  • serratus posterior inferior
  • Levatores Costarum
  • scalenes
42
Q

Intertransversari

  • origin?
  • Insertion?
  • actions?
A
  • origin: TP prominent in the cervical and Lumbar regions
  • Insertion: TP of the vertebrae above
  • actions: Ipsilateral lateral flexion of the spine
43
Q

Longus Capitis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
  • innervation
A
  • origin: C3-C6 TP
  • insertion: occipital bone
  • action: flexion of the head
  • C1-C3 ant rami
44
Q

Generally speaking, when taking about movement of the back and neck, what term can be used to describe their rotation

A

neck: ipsilateral movements
back: contralateral movements for the most part

45
Q

rectus capitus lateralis

  • origin
  • insertion
  • action
A
  • origin: TP of Atlas (C1)
  • insertion: occipital bone
  • action: stabilizes head, weak lateral flexion of the head
46
Q

Interspinalis

  • origin?
  • Insertion?
  • actions?
A
  • origin: SP of one vertebrae
  • Insertion: SP of the vertebrae above
  • actions: Extension of the spine
47
Q

what is the triangle of Auscultation?

what is it bordered by?

A
  • its an area of muscle thinning where clear respiratory sounds can be heard
  • bordered by Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi and Rhomboid Major
48
Q

what are the anterior Deep muscles of the neck?

A
  • Rectus capitis Lateralis + anterior
  • Longus Capitis
  • Longus Colli
49
Q

what muscles form the suboccipital triangle?

A

it is bordered by

  • Rectus capitus Major
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Obliquus capitis superior
50
Q

how are the suboccipital muscles (posterior) of the neck innervated?

A

suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of C1)

51
Q

what extrinsic back muscles are found in the second superficial layer

A

Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major

52
Q

where are the scalenes located?

A

anterior muscle of the neck

53
Q

trapezius innervation

A

spinal accessory nerve (CNXI)

54
Q

latissimus dorsi innervation

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

55
Q

levator scapulae innervation

A

ant rami (C3-C5)

56
Q

rhomboid major and minor innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)

57
Q

erector spinae (iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis) innervation

A

posterior rami of adjacent spinal nerves

57
Q

serratus posterior superior innervation

A

T2-T5 ant rami

58
Q

serratus posterior inferior

A

T9-T12 ant rami

59
Q

iliocostalis

origin
insertion

A

origin: ilium/sacrum, vert processes/supraspinous ligament (all erector spinae muscles)

insertion: lower ribs, cervical TPs

60
Q

longissimus

origin
insertion

A

origin: ilium/sacrum, vert processes/supraspinous lig

insertion: ribs, T+C TPs, mastoid process

61
Q

spinalis

origin
insertion

A

origin: ilium/sacrum, vert processes/supraspinous lig

insertion: upper T SPs, cranium

62
Q

transversospinalis group

muscles
origin to insertion
innervation

A

muscles: semispinalis, rotatores, multifidus
origin to insertion: TP to SP
innervation: post rami

63
Q

interspinalis

origin to insertion
function
innervation

A

SP to SP, deep to supraspinous lig
spine extension
post rami

64
Q

intertransversarii

origin to insertion
function
innervation

A

TP to TP, a lot in C and L regions
ipsilat lat flex
post rami

65
Q

levatores costarum

origin to insertion
function
innervation

A

C7 and Thoracic TP to ribs below
primary: rib elevation
secondary: ipsilat lat flex
post rami

66
Q

splenius capitis

origin
insertion
function
innervation

A

o: nuchal lig, C7-T2 SP
i: mastoid process, occiput
f: bilat = neck extension, unilat = ipsilat lat flex, ipsilat rot
in: post rami of cervical nerves

67
Q

splenius cervicis

origin
insertion
function
innervation

A

o: T3-T6 SP
i: C1-C3 or C4 TP
f: bilat = neck extension, unilat = ipsilat lat flex, ipsilat rot
in: post rami of cervical nerves

68
Q

suboccipital muscles (Rc minor + major, Oc inf + sup) innervation

A

suboccipital nerve

69
Q

what does suboccipital triangle contain

A

vertebral artery
suboccipital nerve

70
Q

sternocleidomastoid

innervation

A

spinal accessory nerve

71
Q

ant scalene
middle scalene
post scalene

origin to insertion

A

all from TP of cervical spine
ant: C3-C6 to rib 1
middle: C5-C7 to rib 1
post: C5-C7 to rib 2

ANAT315 benny cards (12 decks)

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