intro to the UE Flashcards
what is the upper limb composed of?
skeletal structures: -clavicle -scapula -humerus -ulna -radius -carpal bone joints: -joints of the shoulder -elbow joint -wrist joint
how would you describe the medial end of the clavicle?
what other name can it be given?
- flatter
- sternal end
how is the shaft of the clavicle oriented on the superior and inferior surface?
-superior:
convexe anteriorly
-inferior: concave anteriorly
what does the acromial end articulate with?
the scapula
what is the groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle for?
its for the subclavian muscle
what are the 3 borders of the scapula
-lateral border
-superior border
medial border
what are the 3 angles seen on the scapula?
- lateral angle
- inferior angle
- superior angle
where would you locate the acromion on the pectoral girdle?
from the anterior view, it can be observed to be at the superior border/superior angle of the scapula
what is the name of the process found below the acromion on the scapula?
coracoid process
a ridge can be observed on the posterior side of the scapula, what is its name?
its the spine of the scapula
in what view can the glenoid fossa be best observed?
sagittal view
what are the names of the tubercules that can be found both above and below the glenoid fossa?
supra-glenoid tubercule
infraglenoid tubercyle
is the subscapular fossa found on the anterior or posterior side of the scapula?
anterior
what are the 2 fossa that can be found on the posterior side of the scapula? and where about relative to the spine of the scapula can they be found?
- above: supraspinous fossa
- below: infraspinous fossa
what are the important landmarks for the bones of the pectoral girdle?
spine of scapula : TIII
inferior angle of scapula: TVII
what are the components of the proximal humerus?
- head of the humerus
- anatomical Neck
- surgical neck
- lesser tubercule
- greater tubercule
- intertubercular groove
- deltoid tuberosity
what are the 4 joints of the pectoral girdle and shoulder?
sternoclavicular joint
acromioclavicular joint
glenohumeral joint
scapulothroacic “joint”
what type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
synovial joint
Saddle (biaxial joint
what types of movements does the sternoclavicular joint allow?
elevation/depression
protraction/retraction
circumduction
we can also a slight rotation of the clavicle
what are the 3 articulations that compose the sternoclavicular joint?
sternum, clavicle and costal cartilage of the first rib
where does the interclavicular ligament range from?
it goes from one side to the other all the way along the clavicle
what ligament in the sternoclavicular joint prevents superior dislocation?
describe its location?
-costoclavicular ligament
its located on the anterior side of the clavicle
right at the junction between the clavicle and sternum
what is the ligament that is located right above the clavicle?
anterior sternoclavicular ligament
what is the joint formed between the acromion and the clavicle?
acromioclavicular joint
what type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?
synovial plane gliding
what does the acromioclavicular ligament prevent?
it limits superior dislocation
what is the ligament that extends from the coracoid process and the acromion?
coracoacromial ligament
what are the subcomponents that form the coracoclavicular ligament?
trapezoid ligament
conoid ligament
what generally happens in an acromioclavicular dislocation?
the clavicle tends to pop out and situate itself above the acromion
what are the components that articulate together in the glenohumeral joint?
-glenoid fossa articulates with the head of the humerus
what type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?
its a synovial joint,
ball and socket joint
multiaxial
what is the name of the cartilagenous ring found in the glenoid cavity? what is its function?
glenoid labrum
it fills the cavity to ensure proper articulation
what type of cavity can be observed on the lateral side of the pectroal girlde and shoulder?
a large synovial cavity
what is the function of the redundant capsule between the humerous and glenoid fossa?
it give eleasticity
what movements can be accomplished by the glenohumeral joint?
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
lateral/medial rotation
in the glenohumeral joint, what ligament can be found on the superior side, between the acromion and the coracoid?
coracohumeral ligament
what are the 3 components of the glenohumeral ligaments?
- superior
- middle
- inferior
what injury might a QB be susceptile to if he is running in one direction and someone grads his arm in an oposite motion?
he will most likely have an anterior dislocation of the Glenohumeral joint du to the opposite forces
in what cases could a posterior dislocation of the glennohumeral joint occur?
if someone missises a step and falls with their arms straight out causing for the shoulder to pop back.
how can your shoulder de inferiorly dislocated?
when the arm/shoulder is an abducted position
how do joint work together to provide movement of the arm for the first 30 degrees of abduction?
movement occurs only at glenohumeral
beyond 30 degrees of abduction how do the joints work together to provide movement of the arm
movement at the glenohumeral joint is possible due to concurrent movements at the sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic joints
what happens to the scapula whenem elevating the sternoclavicular?
upward rotation
why is the scapulothoracic joint not a true joint?
it does not have a ligament to connect the 2 boney structures
what is the ratio of glenohumeral to scapulothoracic movement respectively?
2:1
where is the scapulothoracic joint located?
on the anterior surface of the scapula laying on the posterior surface of ribs II-VII
what is the function of the scapulothoracic joint
provides dynamic stability of shoulder joint to enable full glenohumeral elebation and abduction
what movements can be executed at the scapulothoracic joint?
elevation/depression
protraction (abduction)/ retraction (adduction)
upward and downwards rotation
what is the coinoid tubercule useful for?
ligament attachment
is there also a posterior sternoclavicular ligament holding the sternum and clavicle together?
yes
where does the coronoid ligament range from?
it ranges from the coronoid tubercule of the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula
what is the purpose of the redundant capsule in the GH joint?
the presence of the redundant capsule allows the shoulder to stretch out and give it fluidity and especially elasticity to complete its motions
what does the coracohumeral ligament prevent?
- superior dislocation because the head of the humerus is being held from the top.
what is the role of the glenohumeral ligaments?
where are they located?
-reinforce the antierior side of the GH joint
only located on the anterior side of the joint
what is the scapulohumeral rythmn?
every 2 degree of GH joint, the scapula will move 1 degree along the thorax
