Intro to Anat & the MSK system Flashcards
what is the coronal/frontal plane
the body is divided into a front and back section
what plane is viewed when the body is sectioned into a left and right part?
sagittal plane
how is the body dived in a horizontal plane?
top & bottom half
In sagittal plane, what axis of movement is observed?
what trick can you use to remember?
Frontal axis
chest pump
in what plane would you view a longitudinal (vertical) axis?
what type of movement would be associated to that?
in the transverse(horizontal) plane
clapping movement
In frontal plane, what axis of movement is observed?
what trick can you use to remember?
sagittal axis
raise the roof
in terms of anatomical position what does lateral refer to?
away from midline
in terms of anatomical position what does cranial (superior) refer to?
what type of view will use this?
upper part of the body
sagittal view
in terms of anatomical positions what is the difference between proximal and distal?
a body part that is proximal is a body part closer to the trunk as opposed to a part that is distal which will be farther away.
what is an other name used to describe the anterior part of a body?
ventral
what is another term used to describe dorsal? what does it refer to?
posterior
refers to the back side
what term is used to describe something that happens on the same side?
ipsilateral
what term is used to describe something that happens on the different sides?
contralateral
what are some functions of the skeletal system
support storage of minerals blood cell production protections leverage systems
what are some main functions of the muscular system?
provide skeletal movement
maintain posture & body position
regulate orafice openings
maintain body temperature.
what are some functions of the musculoskeletal system?
provides structure, support, protection of vital organs & locomotion of the body.
bones, cartilage & ligaments are the components of what system?
skeletal system
what composes the muscular system?
muscles
tendons
motor unit
what type of bone is a humerus?
what are some of its properties?
long bone
long, slender, tubular
what are some properties of short bones?
give an example
short & cuboid
ex: carpal bones
where can flat bones be found?
how would you describe them?
in the skull
2 plates of compact bone separated by a spongy bone.
what type of bone are vertebrae?
how are the identified?
irregular bones
complex shaped, notched or ridged surfaces.
what are sesamoid bones identified by?
Round/Oval
they are developed in tendons.
the skeleton is divided into 2 groups?
the axial composed of head and trunk and appendicular skeleton composed of libs, pelvic and thoracic griddle. .
what is the name for the site where 2 skeletal elements come together?
joint
how many classes of joints exist?
2
solid and synovial joints
what are the properties of solid joints?
the articulation of the bone via fibrous connective tissue or cartilage
this type of joint has very slight mobility.
solid joints are dived into how many classes and what are they?
fibrous joints
cartilagenous joints
what types of joints are found to be fibrous solid joints? and give examples
- suture: between the bones of the skull
- gomphosis: between the teeth and adjacent bone
- syndesmosis: interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna
what types of joints are found to be cartilaginous solid joints? and give examples
synchondrosis: cartilage of growth plate in the femur or cartilage between the rib cage.
symphysis: Intervertebral disc
what are some properties of synovial joints?
connection between 2 bones separated by a fluid filled articular cavity
provides greatest range of motion
what are the components of the joint capsule?
1- fibrous membrane (outer most layer)
2- synovial membrane (inner-lining)
3- synovial fluid
4-articular cartilage: hyaline-like cartilage on surface of articulating bones
what is the function of synovial fluid in the joint capsule?
it provides lubrification and nutrients to the joint
what is the role of articular discs, fat pads, bursa in synovial joints? are they present in all joints?
provide shock-absorption, enhancement of joint stability and strength, reduce friction between structures & cushion.
no they are not present in all synovial joints.
what may also be present in synovial joints that act as reinforcing structures and provide joint stability?
Ligaments
what is the function of tendinous synovial sheaths?
they provide cushion and reduce friction between tendons.
what are the 2 uniaxial synovial joints?
Hinge
Pivot
explain the action of a hinge synovial joint and give an example.
Allows for flexion and extension.
ex: elbow joint or knee joint
explain the action of a pivot synovial joint and give an example.
allows for medial/lateral rotation
ex: proximal & distal radioulnar joints
what are the 2 biaxial synovial joints?
Ellipsoid ex: wrist joint
saddle ex: thumb
what movements do biaxial synovial joints permit?
flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
circumduction
what type of joint is a ball and socket joint.
what movements does it allow
give an example.
its a multi axial synovial joint
it allows for medial/lateral rotation, flexion/extension, adduction/abduction & circumduction
hip joint
what type of joint allows for a sliding movement
give an example of such joint
plane (gliding joint)
ex: intercarpal joints
what is adduction?
movement towards the midline
what is extension?
movement where angle between 2 body parts increases
what is circumduction?
a misture of flexion/extension & adduction/abduction
movement away from midline?
abduction
what type of rotation is external?
lateral rotation
what are the specialized cells that compose muscles
myocytes
what happens to the myocytes when supplied with a neuronal stimuli?
contract or relax (shorten or extend)
joints are structurally supported by what?
ligaments
how is movement created?
bones= structural support
joints= axes of movement between bones.
in order for a muscle to move it along a given axis the muscle fibers must cross the joint.
what connects muscles to bones?
tendons
what is an isometric contraction?
contraction where the muscle length is left unchanged.
what happens during a concentric isotonic contraction?
muscle shortens
what happens during a eccentric isotonic contraction?
muscle elongates
what acts as the prime mover in muscle contractions?
agonist
what is the role of the antagonist in muscle contractions?
it controls, slows and resists the agonist
what are the additional muscles that assist in agonist fucntion called?
synergist
what is the origin of a muscle?
its the fixed attachment
what is the insertion of a muscle?
its the movable attachment
identify the following
a sheet or band of though, fibrous tissue that connects 2 bones
ligament
identify the following
though, flexible, cord-like fibrous connective tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendon
what is fascia
a sheet or band of fibrous connective tissue that envelops, separates or binds together structures such as muscles, organs and other soft tissues.
