The foot Flashcards
What are the tarsal bones?
7 irregular bones
What bones make up the hindfoot?
talus and calcaneus
What bones make up the midfoot?
navicular, cuboid, 3 x cuneiform
What bones make up the forefoot?
metatarsals (5)
How many phalanges are there?
great toe = proximal and distal
other toes = proximal, middle and distal
total = 14
What is the retinaculae?
bands of fascia that hold tendons in place
What is the arterial supply to the foot?
dorsalis pedis -> deep plantar arch
posterior tibial artery -> lateral and medial plantar arteries
What are the arches of the foot?
medial longitudinal
lateral longitudinal
anterior trnasverse
What are the keystone bones for the arches of the foot?
- medial = talus
- lateral = cuboid
- transverse = intermediate cuneiform
What is pes planus?
flat foot due to loss of longitudinal arch
What is pes cauus?
high arches
What supports the arches?
- plantar fascia
- ligaments
- tnedons
- muscles
What ligaments support the arches of the foot?
- bifurcate
- spring
- long plantar
- short plantar
What tendons support the arches of the foot?
medial arch = tibialis posterior and anterior
lateral arch = fibularis longus
What is hallus valgus?
callus and inflammed bursa on foot
What nerve innervates the majority of the dorsum of the foot?
superficial fibular nerve
What innervates the 1st web space?
deep fibular nerve
What innervates the medial foot?
saphenous nerve
What innervates the lateral foot?
sural nerve
What innervates the sole of the foot/
- medial plantar nerve
- lateral pantar nerve
- tibial nerve (heel)
What does the medial plantar artery supply?
great toe
What does the lateral plantar artery supply?
digits 2-5
What does the lateral malleolus drain to?
small saphenous vein -> popliteal vein
What does the medial malleolus drain to?
great saphenous vein -> femoral vein
