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GBE > Sociology > Flashcards

Sociology Flashcards

1
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

behaviours acquired through associated learning between 2 stimuli

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2
Q

What are the features of classical conditioning?

A
  • habituation leads to loss of reflex
  • can have spontaneous recovery
  • generalisation and discrimination of stimuli
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3
Q

Where is classical conditioning seen in healthcare?

A
  • anticipation to chemo
  • learnt fears
  • treating phobias
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4
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

behaviour acquired through reinforcement and punishment

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5
Q

What are the features of operant conditioning?

A
  • differs in individuals
  • stronger when consequence is immediate
  • affected by size
  • better response with constant patterns
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6
Q

What is social learning?

A

behaviours acquired through observing others

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7
Q

What are the components of the COM-B framework?

A
  • capability
  • motivation
  • opportunity
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8
Q

What is the main limitation of social learning models?

A

they downplay cognitive and emotional influences

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9
Q

What 3 factors influence perception?

A
  • attention
  • information processing
  • emotion
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10
Q

What is top down processing?

A

when perception is influenced by prior knowledge?

- e.g. being more aware of symptoms

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11
Q

What are the 3 stages of skill acquisiton?

A
  1. cognitive stage
  2. associative stage
  3. autonomous stage
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12
Q

How is long term memory organised?

A

in schemas

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13
Q

What is declarative knowledge?

A

‘knowing that’

- acquired from personal experience and semantic memory

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14
Q

What is procedural knowledge?

A

‘knowing how’

- acquired through motor skills, conditioning etc

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15
Q

What is the Hawthorne effect?

A

workers increase productivity when they are observed

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16
Q

What methods are used for collecting primary quantitative data?

A

questionaires

- PROMS

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17
Q

What methods are used for collecting secondary quantitative data?

A

official statistics, hospital records etc

18
Q

What methods are used for collecting qualitative data?

A

mainly interviews

19
Q

What is quantitative social science useful for?

A

understanding disease in the population

20
Q

What is qualitative social science useful for?

A

understanding peoples beliefs and attitudes

21
Q

What is demographic transition?

A

birth and death rates decrease when countries become richer

22
Q

What are the indicators of social capital?

A 
civic participation
social networks and support
social participation
reciprocity and trust
views about the neighbourhood
23
Q

What factors cause low social capital?

A
  • high residential turnover

- concentrated disadvantage

24
Q

What are the categories of health behaviour?

A
  • risky
  • protective
  • illness related
25
Q

What factors lead to likelihood of behaviour change in the health belief model?

A
  • perceived susceptibility
  • perceived severity
  • perceived cost/barriers
  • perceived benefits
26
Q

What can be used to target perceived barriers?

A
  • education
  • action plans
  • problem solving
27
Q

What factors affect behaviour intention in the theory of planned behaviour?

A
  • attitude towards behaviour
  • subjective norm
  • perceived behavioural control
28
Q

What is the symptom iceberg

A

most symptoms are not reported to a doctor

29
Q

What is the sick role?

A
  • have obligations to cooperate and get well

- have rights to shed normal responsibilities

30
Q

What is usually needed for people to take a symptom to the doctor?

A

a symptom combined with environmental stimulus

31
Q

What are the social triggers for reporting symptoms?

A
  • interference with work or social activities
  • interpersonal crisis
  • sanctioned by someone else
  • temporlaisation
32
Q

What is the limitation of decision-making models for illness behaviour?

A

they assume people are rational decision makers

33
Q

What is the lay referral system good for?

A
  • alleviates anxiety

- good for self-limiting conditions

34
Q

Why is there an increase in alternative practitioners?

A
  • strong patient focus

- support for conditions with poor conventional treatment

35
Q

What is the interpretive model?

A

people go to the doctor when they fail to make sense of their symptoms

36
Q

What are the techniques used for behaviour change?

A
  • information provision
  • goal setting
  • stress managment
  • self-monitoring of behaviour
37
Q

What is the OARS technique for motivational interviewing?

A

open questions
affirm
reflect
summarise

38
Q

What is the DARN accronym?

A
  • desire
  • ability
  • reason
  • need
39
Q

What are SMART goals?

A
  • specific
  • measurable
  • achievable
  • relevant
  • timely
40
Q

What are the 5 domains of the illness schema?

A 
identity
cause
timeline
consequences
cure and control

GBE (12 decks)

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