Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GBE > NBBS - ascending/descending tracts + cranial nerves > Flashcards

NBBS - ascending/descending tracts + cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the brainstem?

A

pons, medulla oblongata, midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What connects the brainstem to higher centres?

A

crus cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What connects the brainstem to the cerebellum?

A

cerebellar peduncles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What lies between the brainstem and cerebellum?

A

4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which nerve exits the brainstem dorsally?

A

trochlear nerve (4th cranial nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Do the pyramids contain ascending or descending fibres?

A

descending (corticospinal tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What side of the brainstem is the pyramidal tract on?

A

ventral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What side of the brainstem is the gracile and cuneate tracts on?

A

dorsal (= dorsal column pathways)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Do the gracile and cuneate tracts contain ascending or descending fibres?

A

ascending

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first cranial nerve?

A

olfactory nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the path of the olfactory nerve?

A
  • olfactory receptors in nasal epithelium
  • synapses in olfactory bulb
  • olfactory tract projects to temporal lobe
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the 2nd cranial nerve?

A

optic nerve?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the path of the optic nerve?

A

retina -> LGN in thalamus -> visual cortex in occipital lobe

  • Nasal side crosses chiasma, temporal side doesnt’ cross
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the 8th cranial nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the path of the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

hair in inner ear -> nuclei in floor of 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the vestibulocochlear nerve pass through?

A

internal auditory meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

cribiform plate of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the optic nerve pass through?

A

optic canal of skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve exit the brainstem?

A

ventral midbrain, between crus cerebri

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is the abducens nucleus?

A

In the pons at floor of the 4th ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the 3rd cranial nerve?

A

oculomotor nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve?

A

eye movement and innervation of levator palpebrae (includes ANS)
- regulates accomodation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Where does the oculomotor nerve originate?

A

oculomotor and Edinger-Westphal nucleus of midbrain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where do the oculomotor, trochelar and abducens nerve exit the skull?

A

superior orbital fissure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the 4th cranial nerve?

A

trochlear nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the function of the trochlear nerve?

A

depresses & abducts eye

motor innervation of superior oblique muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is the 6th cranial nerve?

A

abducens nerve

28
Q

What is the function of the abducens nerve?

A

eye abduction and motor innvervation of lacteral rectus muscle

29
Q

Where does the abducens nerve exit the brain stem?

A

between the pons and medulla

30
Q

What happens in trochlear nerve palsy?

A

misalignment of the eye

31
Q

What happens in abducens nerve palsy?

A

eye goes inwards

32
Q

What happens in oculomotor nerve palsy?

A

severe movement restriction of eye

33
Q

What is the 5th cranial nerve?

A

trigeminal nerve

34
Q

What are the sensory nuclei of the trigeminal nerve?

A

mesencephalic - proprioception
principal - light touch and discrimination
spinal - pain, temperature and crude touch

35
Q

Where is the sensory nuclus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

stretches from midbrain to medulla

- divided into 3

36
Q

What provides the main sensory innervation of the face?

A

trigeminal nerve

37
Q

Where is the motor nucleus of the trigeminal nerve?

A

pons at the 4th ventricle

38
Q

What is the function of the motor component of the trigeminal nerve?

A

chewing

39
Q

What are the 3 peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve?

A
  1. opthalamic - upper face, exits superior orbital fissure
  2. maxillary - middle face, exits foramen rotundum
  3. mandibular - innervates lower face and jaw, exits foramen ovale
40
Q

What is the 7th cranial nerve?

A

facial nerve

41
Q

What fibres does the facial nerve have?

A

motor, sensory and parasympathetic

42
Q

What is the motor component of the facial nerve?

A

facial expression and inner ear muscle

- facila motor nuclues

43
Q

What is the sensory component of the facial nerve?

A

taste and external ear sensation

- nucleus solitarius

44
Q

What is the parasympathetic component of the facial nerve?

A

lacrimation and salivation

- superior salivatory nuclues

45
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit?

A

stylomastoid foramen

46
Q

What is the 9th cranial nerve?

A

glossopharyngeal nerve

47
Q

What functions does the glossopharyngeal nerve have?

A

motor - stylopharngues muscle for swallowing
sensory - sensation of pharynx, tongue etc
PNS - regulation of parotid gland

48
Q

What are the nuclei of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A 
motor = nucleus ambiguus 
sensory = spinal nucleus and nucleus solitarius 
PNS = inferior salivatory nucleus
49
Q

What is the 10th cranial nerve?

A

vagus nerve

50
Q

What are the functions of the vagus nerve?

A

motor - muscles of respiratory tract
sensory
PNS - viscera

51
Q

What are the nuclei of the vagus nerve

A 
motor = nucleus ambiguus 
sensory = spinal nucleus and nucleus solitarius 
PNS = dorsal nucleus
52
Q

Where do the 9th and 10th cranial nerves exit?

A

the jugular foramen

53
Q

What is the 11th cranial nerve?

A

accessory nerve

54
Q

What function is the accessory nerve

A

motor only - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, swallowing and gag reflex

55
Q

What are the 2 origins of the accessory nerve?

A

C1-6 (back/neck muscles)

nucleus ambiguus in brainstem (muscles of larynx and pharynx

56
Q

What is the 12th cranial nerve?

A

hypoglossal nerve

57
Q

What is the function of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

motor innervation for tongue muscles (speech)

58
Q

Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit?

A

hypoglossal canal

59
Q

What cranial nerves are affected by compression of cavernous sinus?

A

3-6

60
Q

What is trigeminal neuroglia?

A
  • severe pain triggered by trigeminal nerve

- caused by compression, demylination, herpes, tooth/jaw infection, brain stem tumours etc

61
Q

What is facial nerve palsy?

A

unilateral paralysis of the face

62
Q

What is acoustic neuroma?

A

compression of facial nerve by a tumour in canal

63
Q

What happens to the cranial nerves in motor neuron disease?

A

degeneration of nucleus ambiguus and hypoglossal nucleus

64
Q

What happens in unilateral brain stem lesions?

A

unilateral or contralateral effects

65
Q

What happens in bilateral brain stem lesions?

A

coma or death

GBE (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions