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GBE > Hip and thigh region > Flashcards

Hip and thigh region Flashcards

1
Q

What is contained in the superficial fascia?

A

cutaneous nerves

greater and lesser saphenous vein

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2
Q

Where is the fascia lata?

A

deep fascia over the gluteal region and thigh

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3
Q

What is the root and function of the superior gluteal nerve?

A
  • L4, L5, S1

- motor to gluteus minimus and medius and tensor fascia lata

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4
Q

What is the root and function of the inferior gluteal nerve?

A
  • L5, S1, S2

- motor to gluteus maximus

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5
Q

What is the root and function of the femoral nerve?

A
  • L2-4
  • sensory = anteriomedial thigh, medial leg and foot
  • motor = anterior thigh muscles
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6
Q

What is the course of the femoral nerve?

A

passes inferiorly thorugh psoas major
underneath inguinal ligament
divides into anterior and posterior

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7
Q

What is the root and function of the obturator nerve?

A
  • L2-4
  • motor = medial compartment of thigh
  • sensory = medial thigh
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8
Q

What is the course of the obturator nerve?

A

through psoas major
exits thigh through obturator canal
divides into anterior and posterior

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9
Q

What is the root and function of the tibial nerve?

A 
root = L4-S3
motor = posterior compartment of leg
sensory = posterio-lateral leg, lateral foot and sole
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10
Q

What does the sciatic nerve branch into?

A

tibial nerve and common fibular/peroneal nerve

- branches at the popliteal fossa

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11
Q

What is the root and function of the common fibular / peroneal nerve?

A 
root = L4-S2
motor = short head of biceps femoris, lateran and anterior compartments of leg 
sensory = upper lateral and lower posterolateral skin of leg, dorsum of foot
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12
Q

What does the common fibular nerve terminate into?

A

superficial fibular and deep fibular nerves

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13
Q

What is the main artery of the lower limb?

A

femoral artery

- branches from external iliac at the inguinal ligament

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14
Q

What is the profunda femoris artery?

A

a branch of the femoral nerve at the femoral triangle

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15
Q

What are the 3 branches of the profunda femoris artery?

A

Perforating branches - supply posterior and medial muscles

Lateral femoral circumflex artery - supplies lateral muscles

Medial femoral circumflex artery - supples head and neck of femur

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16
Q

What artery supplies the head and neck of femur?

A

medial femoral circumflex

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17
Q

When does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery

A

when it reaches the adductor hiatus

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18
Q

Where do the arteries supplying the gluteal region enter?

A

the greater sciatic foramen

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19
Q

What does the popliteal artery branch into?

A

anterior tibial artery -> dorsalis pedis artery

tibioperoneal trunk -> posterior tibial artery + fibular artery

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20
Q

What are the major pulse point of the lower limb?

A

femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, dorsalis pedis

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21
Q

What is the articulation site of the hip joint?

A

acetabulum and head of the femur

22
Q

What is the normal angle of inclination for the femur?

A

125
< 125 = coxa vara
> 125 = coxa valga

23
Q

What are the ligaments supporting the hip joint?

A
  • iliofemoral ligament (y-shaped)
  • pubofemoral ligament (triangular)
  • ischiofemoral (spiral)
24
Q

What is the neurovasculature of the hip joint?

A
  • medial circumflex & femoral arteries

- sciatic, femoral and obturator nerves

25
Q

What factors stabilise the hip joint?

A

ligaments, acetabulum, acetabular labrum

26
Q

What direction is the majority of hip joints?

A

posterior

27
Q

What enters through the greater sciatic foramen?

A

sciatic and gluteal nerves/arteries

28
Q

What are the features of gluteus maximus?

A
  • main hip extensor
  • attaches to posterior surface of pelvis and iliotibial band
  • innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
29
Q

What is the attachment, innervation and actions of gluteus medius?

A 
attachments = surface of ilium &amp; greater trochanter 
action = abduction and medial rotation of leg
innervation = superior gluteal nerve
30
Q

What is the attachment, innervation and action of gluteus minimus?

A 
attachment = ilium + greater trochanter of femur 
action = abduction and medial rotation, stabilises pelvis 
innervation = superior gluteal nerve
31
Q

What is Trendelenburg’s sign?

A
  • damage to the superior gluteal nerve
  • results in wasting of gluteus medius and minimus
  • observed by pelvic drop
32
Q

What are the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A
  • piniformis
  • obturator internus
  • superior gemelli
  • inferior gemelli
  • quadratus femoris
33
Q

What is the function of the deep muscles of the gluteal region?

A

lateral rotation

34
Q

Where do the nerves in the gluteal region run?

A

either side of the piriformis muscle

35
Q

Where are IM injections given to avoid the sciatic nerve?

A

upper lateral quadrant

36
Q

What is a sign that an IM injection has damaged the sciatic nerve?

A

foot drop

37
Q

What is the path of the sciatic nerve in the gluteal region?

A
  • emerges inferior to piriformis
  • crosses the deep gluteal muscles posteriorly
  • enters the posterior thigh
38
Q

What is the innervation of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

39
Q

What is the function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

extends the leg at the knee joint

40
Q

What muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A
  1. quadriceps femoris (4)
  2. sartorius (long and thin)
  3. pectineus (flat)
41
Q

What is the innervation of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve

42
Q

What is the function of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

hip adduction

43
Q

What muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh?

A
  1. adductor magnus
  2. adductor longus
  3. adductor brevis
  4. obturator externus
  5. gracialis
44
Q

What is the innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

sciatic nerve

45
Q

What is the function of the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

extend at hip, flex at knee

= hamstrings

46
Q

What muscles make up the posterior compartment of the thigh (hamstrings)?

A
  1. biceps femoris
  2. semiteninosus
  3. semimembranous
47
Q

What are the borders of the femoral triangle?

A 
superior = inguinal ligament
lateral = sartorius muscle
medial = adductor longus 
roof = fascia lata 
base = pectineus muscle
48
Q

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

A

femoral nerve, artery and vein
femoral canal containing lymphs
- order = NAVEL

49
Q

What are the borders of the politeal fossa?

A

(diamond shaped)
superomedial = semimembranous
superolateral = biceps femoris
inferomedial = medial head of gastrocnemius
inferolateral = lateral head of gastrocnemius

50
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal fossa from medial to lateral?

A

popliteal artery
popliteal vein
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve

51
Q

What is Baker’s cyst?

A

swelling in the popliteal fossa

- caused by inflammation of semimembranous bursa

52
Q

What is Perthe’s disease?

A

abnormal development of the head of femur (mushroom head)

- causes collapse

GBE (12 decks)

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