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The Flower Flashcards

1
Q

Definition of Flower

A

It is a specialized shoot in which the leaves are modified into floral structures

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2
Q

Name the 4 whorls of the flower

A

Calyx, Corolla, Androecium, Gynoecium

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3
Q

What is the outermost whorl made up of?

A

Sepals

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4
Q

What is the second whorl made up of?

A

Petals

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5
Q

What is the 3rd whorl made up of?

A

Stamens (5) Consisting of thread like filament with a bilobed anther at the tip (anther makes polen)

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6
Q

What is the 4th and innermost whorl made up of?

A

Centrally located pistil consisting of 1 carpel or many carpels fused together. Carpels have ovary at base which has ovules which bear female gamete. Middle - style. Uppermost - stigma.

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7
Q

What is a complete flower?

A

A complete flower is one that contains all the four floral whorls.

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8
Q

What is a complete flower?

A

A complete flower is one that contains all the four floral whorls.

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9
Q

What are some examples of a complete flower?

A

Hibiscus, rose, sunflower

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10
Q

What is an incomplete flower?

A

A flower in which one or more sets of the floral whorls are absent.

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11
Q

Give some examples of an incomplete flower.

A

Papaya, palm

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12
Q

What are the essential whorls of the flower?

A

Those that are directly concerned with reproduction.

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13
Q

What are the non essential whorls of the flower?

A

Those that either protect the reproductive parts of the flower or make the flower attractive for pollination.

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14
Q

Give examples of the essential whorls of the flower.

A

Stamens, Carpels (Androceium, Gynoecium)

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15
Q

Give examples of the non essential whorls of a flower.

A

Sepals and petals (Calyx and Corolla)

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16
Q

What is it called when petals and sepals are undifferentiated?

A

Tepals

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17
Q

What is it called when sepals and petals and undifferentiated (collective)

A

Perianth

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18
Q

Perianth

A

The collective tepals, which is when sepals and petals are undifferentiated

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19
Q

Tepals

A

When sepals and petals are undifferentiated they are called perianth

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20
Q

Give examples of tepals

A

Wheat and grass

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21
Q

Green perianth

A

Sepaloid perianth

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22
Q

When perianth is not green

A

Petaloid perianth

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23
Q

Petaloid perianth

A

When perianth is not green

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24
Q

Sepaloid perianth

A

When perianth is green

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25
Bracts
When a flower arises in the axil of a leave like structure it is known as a bract. They may be green or coloured like leaves or petals.
26
Example of bract
Bougainvillea where the brightly coloured bracts are mistaken for petals
27
Talk about the uniqueness of Bougainvilea
It has large brightly coloured bracts often mistaken for petals. When flowers arise in the axil of leaf like structure it is known as bract. Bougainvilleas actual flower is cylindrical and small attached to inner side of bract.
28
Where is nectar secreted and give the example
The nectar in flowers is secreted by a group of cells called nectaries at base of pistel or of petals. The nectaries are prominent in Nasturtium.
29
Where is the male gamete and female gamete?
Male gamete ➡️ Stamens (male whorl) Has filament and anther, anther produces pollen (male gamete) Female gamete ➡️ Carpels (female whorl) Has ovary bears ovule encloses egg cell (female gamete)
30
Give definition of Bisexual flowers They are also called ______?
Flowers having both stamens and Carpels. Hermaphrodite flowers.
31
Example of Bisexual flowers
Hibiscus, rose, lily, tomato
32
What are unisexual flowers?
Flower having only one of the reproductive whorls either stamens or Carpels
33
What are examplws of unisexual flowers?
Papaya and palm
34
Staminate flower
Unisexual flower containing only stamens
35
Male flower
Unisexual flower containing only stamens
36
Unisexual flower containing only stamens
Male or staminate flower
37
Unisexual flower containing only the Carpels
Female or pistillate flower
38
Female flower
Unisexual flower containing only the Carpels
39
Pistillate flower
Unisexual flower containing only the Carpels
40
Neuter flower with example
A flower in which both male and female reproductive organs are lacking. Ray florets of sunflower (pistillate but sterile)
41
How many sepals in calyx usually
5
42
Free sepals
Polysepalous
43
Polysepalous
Free sepals
44
Gamosepalous
Fused sepals
45
Fused sepals
Gamosepalous
46
2nd series of sepals? Collective name?
Episepals (Epicalyx)
47
Episepals
2nd series of sepals
48
Epicalyx
Collective name for 2nd series of sepals
49
What happens to sepals when flower opens
Fall of or persist
50
Function of sepals
Protect the young flower bud Green sepals perform photosynthesis
51
Double whorl of Corolla example
Poppy
52
Spirally arranged Corolla example
Water lily
53
Polypetalous
The petals of the Corolla are free
54
The petals of the Corolla are free
Polypetalous
55
The petals of the Corolla are united to form a tube
Gamopetalous
56
Gamopetalous
The petals of the Corolla are united to form a tube
57
Function of corolla
Colourful and fragrant petals attract insects for cross pollination Protect Stamens and pistils especially when petals form a tube
58
Characteristics and structure of Androceium
No of stamens very from few to very large number Each stamen consists of a large thread like filament and a bilobed anther attached to extremity
59
How many pollen sacs does a stamen have
The anther of a stamen is bilobed. Each lobe has 2 sacs. Hence each stamen has 4 (4️⃣)
60
What happens when Androceium matures?
Pollen sacs rupture to liberate the pollen grains (pollen - powdery particles of different shapes and sizes)
61
Free stamens
Polyandrous
62
Polyandrous
Free stamens joined and organised in single, double or several groups
63
Monoadelphous
Stamens united in 1 group by filaments
64
Ex of Monoadelphous
China rose, cotton
65
Diadelphous + Ex
Stamens United in 2 bundles Ex pea (9/10 stamens form a staminal tube, 1 is free)
66
Polyadelphous + Eg
Filaments United in several groups Eg: Bombax
67
Carpel consists of
Ovary : Swollen basal portion is composed of 1 or more Carpels fused together Inner cavity may be a single chamber of divided into several chambers (locules)
68
Locule
Inner cavity of ovary may be a single chamber or divided into several chambers called locules. Each locule has a number of rounded bodies called the **ovules.**
69
What attached the ovules to ovarys wall
Placenta
70
Placenta
The tissue that attaches the ovule to the wall of the ovary
71
In which 2 types of plants are the male and female flowers separate
Monoecious and dioecious plants
72
Monoecious plants
Male and female flower grow on the same plant
73
Ex of monoecious plant
Maize cucumber pumpkin
74
Dioecious plants
Male and female flowers grow on different plants
75
Ex of Dioecious plants
Palm and papaya
76
Inflorescence
The mode of arrangement of flowers on the axis of a plant
77
Placentation
The manner in which the ovules are arranged or attached to the wall of the ovary
78
What happens to ovules upon maturation?
They turn into seeds in mature fruit.
79
Different manners of inflorescence
The flower is arranged singly either at the apex of the main stem or the terminal apex of the lateral branches The flower is arranged in the axils of the leaves The flower is growing out from the axils of different leaves and teaching the same level making a cluster The axis is laterally flattened to make a disc like in sunflower. The younger flowers are in center older is in periphery
80
How can we see the different arrangements of ovary/seed
In fruits like pea tomato mango Lotus etc.
81
Pedicel
Stalk which supports flower
82
Thalamus
Tip of pedicel may be enlarged to form a cup shaped receptacle or thalamus.
83
Sessile
Flower without stalk
84
Flower without stalk
Sessile

Biology (10 decks)

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