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Biology > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

Two circulating flyids

A

Blood and lymph

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2
Q

Three principal fluids

A

Blood, tissue fluid, lymph

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3
Q

Blood location

A

In the heart and in the blood vessels (arteries, veins and capillaries) of the circulatory system

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4
Q

Tissue fluid location

A

Occupies spaces btwn cells in the organs

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5
Q

Lymph location

A

Contained within lymph vessels and lymphatic organs ie the spleen and the tonsils

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6
Q

What type of blood circulation in humans

A

Closed blood circulatory system

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7
Q

Why is it called closed blood circulatory system

A

As the blood is contained in the heart and blood vessels and circulates through them all the time in a closed manner

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8
Q

Insects have what type of circulatory system? Why is it called so?

A

Open blood circulatory system as the blood mostly flows through open spaces in the body

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9
Q

What animal has open blood circulatory system

A

Insects

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10
Q

Why do we show arteries red in colour and veins in blue in diagrams conventionally?

A

Mostly arteries carry oxygenated blood which is bright red in colour while the deoxygenated blood generally carried by veins is dark red in colour. However if you look at prominent veins they look bluish as veins have less thicker muscular walls.

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11
Q

What are the two non circulating fluids and where are they located

A

Synovial fluid filled in cavities of skeletal joints
Vitreous humour in the eye

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12
Q

Properties of blood

A

Never stationary: Always in motion from 🫀 to arteries and back through veins

Colour - Somewhat thick fluid, bright red oxygenated, dark red deoxygenated

Volume: Avg adult human has 5 to 6 litres of blood

Taste - saltish. Blood is a bit alkaline with a pH of 7.3 to 7.45

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13
Q

Volume of blood in avg adult human

A

5 to 6 litres

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14
Q

pH of blood, acid or alkaline?

A

7.3 to 7.45, alkaline slightly

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15
Q

Broadly 2 main functions of blood

A

Transportation of respiratory gases, digested food, excretory substances, hormones and body heat.
Protection by forming clots with help of platelets, white blood cells protecting body by phagocytosis and producing antibodies and antitoxins to neutralise poisonous substances/kill germs entering the body.

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16
Q

Transport of Digested Food

A

From alimentary canal to the body tissues. These substances are simple sugars ie glucose, amino acids, vitamins, minerals salts etc.

17
Q

Transport of oxygen

A

From lungs to the body tissues by red blood cells in combination with haemoglobin in the form of oxyhaemoglobin, unstable compound. On reaching the body tissues it breaks up to deliver oxygen.

Hb + O² —–> Hb.0²

18
Q

Transport of carbon dioxide

A

From body tissues to lungs.
Partly in combination with haemoglobin (carbaminohaemoglobin, unstable compound)
Partly as solution in blood plasma

Hb+CO²—–>Hb.CO²

19
Q

Transport of excretory material

A

From body tissues to liver, kidney or skin for elimination/render them harmless

20
Q

Distribution of Hormones

A

They’re secret by endocrine glands directly into blood.

21
Q

Distribution of heat

A

Blood helps in keeping the temperature of body uniform by distributing heat

22
Q

How does cloth help , when is it formed (brief)

A

It’s formed whenever there’s a cut in a blood vessel. It prevents
Further loss of blood
Entry of disease causing germs

23
Q

What does blood consist of

A

Plasma - fluid part (55 to 60 %)
Cellular elements - cellular part (red and white cells, platelets) (40 to 45%)

24
Q

Plasma is?

A

Light yellow coloured alkaline liquid

25
Q

Plasma consists of

A

Water (mostly this)
Proteins
Inorganic salts
Other substances

26
Q

Which inorganic salts in plasma

A

Sodium chloride
Sodium bicarbonate

27
Q

Proteins in plasma

A

Antibodies and antitoxins

28
Q

Aside from proteins what’s in plasma

A

Glucose, amino acids, fibrinogen, hormones, urea

29
Q

Plasma w/o protein fibrinogen

A

Serum

30
Q

Serum

A

Plasma without protein fibrinogen

31
Q

3 cellular elements sci names

A

Erythrocytes -rbc
Leukocytes -wbc
Thrombocytes -blood platelets

Biology (6 decks)

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