The Final Material (Brandi)

Question 0

Recommended pressure is whatever pressure is necessary to overcome initial vascular resistance and distribute embalming solution to all areas of the body this is known as ____.

Answer 0

Ideal Pressure

Question 1

____ is the action of a force against an opposing force (a force applied or acting against resistance) measured by PSI “pounds by square inch”

Answer 1

Pressure

Question 2

____ is the speed at which fluid is injected, measured in ounces per minute
- Controlled by a valve on the embalming machine which controls the flow of fluid much like a water faucet
- Ideal rate of flow: that which will ensure uniform distribution without cause overdistention or adverse color changes
Methods of Creating Pressure
gravity injector method: “percolator” consist of a glass bottle rubber tubing and a device to sospend the bottle above the point of injection, pressure is increased .43 pounds of pressure approzimately 1/2 for every foot of elevation above the point of injection every 28 inches creates exactly 1 pound of pressure
hand pump: consists of a hand operated pump, tubing and a goose neck arrangement and glass fluid bottle; this apparatus, for creating injection pressure can be used for aspiration

Answer 2

Rate of flow

Question 3

____ is that which will ensure uniform distribution without cause overdistention or adverse color changes
Methods of Creating Pressure
gravity injector method: “percolator” consist of a glass bottle rubber tubing and a device to sospend the bottle above the point of injection, pressure is increased .43 pounds of pressure approzimately 1/2 for every foot of elevation above the point of injection every 28 inches creates exactly 1 pound of pressure
hand pump: consists of a hand operated pump, tubing and a goose neck arrangement and glass fluid bottle; this apparatus, for creating injection pressure can be used for aspiration

Answer 3

Ideal Rate of Flow

Question 4

The ____ or “____” consists of a glass bottle rubber tubing and a device to sospend the bottle above the point of injection, pressure is increased .43 pounds of pressure approzimately 1/2 for every foot of elevation above the point of injection every 28 inches creates exactly 1 pound of pressure

Answer 4

Gravity Injector Method or “ Percolator”

Question 5

pressure is increased by ____ pounds of pressure approzimately for every ____ foot of elevation above the point of injection, and every ____ inches creates exactly ____ pound of pressure

Answer 5

.43

1/2

28

1

Question 6

The ____ consists of a hand operated pump, tubing and a goose neck arrangement and glass fluid bottle; this apparatus, for creating injection pressure can be used for aspiration

Answer 6

Hand Pump

Question 7

____ is the simplest form of injection apparatus, that consists of a bulb syringe and rubber tubing
Motorized Force Pump: most commonly used methid of creating injection pressure two types!

Answer 7

Bulb Syringe

Question 8

____ is the most commonly used methid of creating injection pressure two types!

Answer 8

Motorized Force Pump

Question 9

Fluid is injected in spurts in a ____ motorized force pump

Answer 9

pulsating

Question 10

The ____ motorized force pump is where fluid injected on a continuious basis

Answer 10

Non Pulsating

Question 11

____ is pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle whe the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off

Answer 11

Potential Pressure

Question 12

____ is the pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body

Answer 12

Actual Pressure

Question 13

____ is the difference between potential and actual pressures

Answer 13

Differential Pressure

Question 14

____ is the dilution attained as the embalming solution is mized in the embalming machine; this is determined by embalming analysis and prepared by the embalmer.

Answer 14

primary dilution

Question 15

____ oz. preservative chemicals to ____ gallon of water is the description of ____

Answer 15

8

1

Fluid Dilution

Question 16

To determine the strength of a primary dilution the following formula may be employed which is _____.

Answer 16

C x V= C’ x V’

Question 17

C’ x V’ is read how?

Answer 17

C prime multiplied by V prime.

Question 18

C stands for ____ for the strength of the concentrated fluid

Answer 18

Concentration

Question 19

V stands for ____ for the amount of the concentrated fluid. (MUST BE EXPRESSED IN OUNCES!)

Answer 19

Volume

Question 20

Volume must be expressed in ____.

Answer 20

Ounces

Question 21

V’ = ___________________________

Answer 21

The amount of the diluted fluid

Question 22

C’ = ________________________

Answer 22

the strength of the diluted fluid (the primary dilution)

Question 23

1 gallon of solution is the same as

Answer 23

128 ounces

Question 24

In texas the law states the minimum of ____ gallon(s) is injected into a body per ____ pounds of body weight

Answer 24

1

50

Question 25

The minimum strength of preservative chemicals is ____.

Answer 25

1.5% -2.0%

Question 26

How much of a 20 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 2% injection solution?
Solving for V;
C= 20
V= ?
C'= 2
V'= 256 (2 gallons x 128)

Answer 26

20 x V = 2 x 256

20V = 512

20V/20 = 512/20

V = 25.6 oz REMEMBER TO CIRCLE YOUR ANSWER PER MR. MOEN!

Question 27

Calculate the number of ounces of a 32 index fluid needed to make a 4% formaldehyde solution in 4 gallons of water…

Answer 27

C x V = C’ x V’ (Index x Fluid = % x Water)

32 x V = 4x (4 x 128)

32V = 4 x 512

32v/32 = 2048/32

                             Answer: V= 64oz

Question 28

Calculate the original index of an arterial fluid, if you used 2 bottles of it to make 3 gallons of a 2% formaldehyde solution.

Answer 28

C x V = C’ x V’ (index x fluid = % x water)

C x (2 x 16) = 2 x (3 x 128)

C x 32 = 2 x 384

32c/32 = 768/32

                            Answer: C = 24 index

Question 29

How much water should be used to attain a 1% formaldehyde solution, if you used 2 bottles of a 20 index fluid?

Answer 29

CxV = C’xV’ (index x fluid = % x water)

20 x ( 2x16) = 1 x V’

20 x 32 = 1V’

640/1 = 1V’/1

V’= 640/128 (because you’re looking for gallons, remember to divide by 128!)

                        Answer: V'= 5 gallons

Question 30

What would the percentage of formaldehyde in solution be, if you used 4 bottles of a 25 index arterial fluid in 4 gallons of water?

Answer 30

CxV=C’xV’ (index x fluid = % x water)

25 x (4 x 16) = C’ x (4 x 128)

25 x 64 = C’ x 512

1600/512 = 512C’/512

                                    Answer: C' = 3.125%

Question 31

State the law in Texas regarding the percentage of formaldehyde that must be used when permission to embalm a body. Then calculate the number of ounces of a 23 index fluid needed to embalm a Texas person that weighed 250 pounds.

Answer 31

CxV= C’xV’ (index x fluid = % x water)

23 x V = 1 x (5x128)

23V/23 = 640/23
=27.826 —-> 28

                              Answer: V= 28oz

Question 32

The weakening of the embalming fluid by the fluids in the body, both vascular and interstitial (“tissue fluid”) is known as ____.

Answer 32

Secondary Dilution

Question 33

Conditions that will cause secondary dilution to vary are ____ and ____.

Answer 33

Edema (any form of edema will always INCREASE secondary dilution)

Dehydration (any dehydration will always DECREASE the secondary dilution)

Question 34

The movement of embalming solution from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is ____; one of the factors arterial embalming is based on is ____.

Answer 34

Fluid Distribution

Color Change

Question 35

The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until a uniform concentration is reached this is known as _____

Answer 35

Fluid Diffusion

Question 36

This positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming fluid through the capillary wall to mix with the interstitial fluids is ____; the movement from an intravascular to and extravascular position.

Answer 36

pressure filtration

Question 37

The passage of a solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane is _____.

Answer 37

Osmosis

Question 38

The process by which most embalming chemicals move from the interstitial fluids through the cell wall and into the cell is another description of ____

Answer 38

Osmosis

Question 39

A solution having a less concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared is ____.

Answer 39

Hypotonic Solution

Question 40

A ____ will move toward the more concentrated solution, try to create a state of equilibrium (balance) between the two.

Answer 40

Hypotonic Solution

Question 41

____ is a solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that to which it is compared

Answer 41

Isotonic Solution

Question 42

____ tends to be no movement, since the two solutions are already in a state of equilibrium (balance)

Answer 42

Isotonic Solution

Question 43

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared is a _____.

Answer 43

Hypertonic Solution

Question 44

____ will not move; instead the other solution will move toward it to create equilibrium (balance)

Answer 44

Hypertonic Solutions

Question 45

____ is the separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane

Answer 45

Dialysis

Question 46

____ is the extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body

Answer 46

Gravity Filtration

Question 47

Distention of superficial veins, large volumes of blood drainage, reduction of intravascular blood discoloration, dye tracing, loss of elasticity of tissue, drying of tissues, tissue distention (seen in the lips fingertips), and bleaching of tissue are all signs of fluid _____ and _____

Answer 47

Distribution and Diffusion

Question 48

Increasing rate of flow, increasing injection pressure, restricting the drainage (increasing intravascular pressure), massaging the body, and lowering the arms are all methods of ____ fluid distribution.

Answer 48

Improving.