The Final Material (Brandi) Flashcards
Recommended pressure is whatever pressure is necessary to overcome initial vascular resistance and distribute embalming solution to all areas of the body this is known as ____.
Ideal Pressure
____ is the action of a force against an opposing force (a force applied or acting against resistance) measured by PSI “pounds by square inch”
Pressure
____ is the speed at which fluid is injected, measured in ounces per minute
- Controlled by a valve on the embalming machine which controls the flow of fluid much like a water faucet
- Ideal rate of flow: that which will ensure uniform distribution without cause overdistention or adverse color changes
Methods of Creating Pressure
gravity injector method: “percolator” consist of a glass bottle rubber tubing and a device to sospend the bottle above the point of injection, pressure is increased .43 pounds of pressure approzimately 1/2 for every foot of elevation above the point of injection every 28 inches creates exactly 1 pound of pressure
hand pump: consists of a hand operated pump, tubing and a goose neck arrangement and glass fluid bottle; this apparatus, for creating injection pressure can be used for aspiration
Rate of flow
____ is that which will ensure uniform distribution without cause overdistention or adverse color changes
Methods of Creating Pressure
gravity injector method: “percolator” consist of a glass bottle rubber tubing and a device to sospend the bottle above the point of injection, pressure is increased .43 pounds of pressure approzimately 1/2 for every foot of elevation above the point of injection every 28 inches creates exactly 1 pound of pressure
hand pump: consists of a hand operated pump, tubing and a goose neck arrangement and glass fluid bottle; this apparatus, for creating injection pressure can be used for aspiration
Ideal Rate of Flow
The ____ or “____” consists of a glass bottle rubber tubing and a device to sospend the bottle above the point of injection, pressure is increased .43 pounds of pressure approzimately 1/2 for every foot of elevation above the point of injection every 28 inches creates exactly 1 pound of pressure
Gravity Injector Method or “ Percolator”
pressure is increased by ____ pounds of pressure approzimately for every ____ foot of elevation above the point of injection, and every ____ inches creates exactly ____ pound of pressure
.43
1/2
28
1
The ____ consists of a hand operated pump, tubing and a goose neck arrangement and glass fluid bottle; this apparatus, for creating injection pressure can be used for aspiration
Hand Pump
____ is the simplest form of injection apparatus, that consists of a bulb syringe and rubber tubing
Motorized Force Pump: most commonly used methid of creating injection pressure two types!
Bulb Syringe
____ is the most commonly used methid of creating injection pressure two types!
Motorized Force Pump
Fluid is injected in spurts in a ____ motorized force pump
pulsating
The ____ motorized force pump is where fluid injected on a continuious basis
Non Pulsating
____ is pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle whe the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off
Potential Pressure
____ is the pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body
Actual Pressure
____ is the difference between potential and actual pressures
Differential Pressure
____ is the dilution attained as the embalming solution is mized in the embalming machine; this is determined by embalming analysis and prepared by the embalmer.
primary dilution
____ oz. preservative chemicals to ____ gallon of water is the description of ____
8
1
Fluid Dilution
To determine the strength of a primary dilution the following formula may be employed which is _____.
C x V= C’ x V’
C’ x V’ is read how?
C prime multiplied by V prime.
C stands for ____ for the strength of the concentrated fluid
Concentration
V stands for ____ for the amount of the concentrated fluid. (MUST BE EXPRESSED IN OUNCES!)
Volume
Volume must be expressed in ____.
Ounces
V’ = ___________________________
The amount of the diluted fluid
C’ = ________________________
the strength of the diluted fluid (the primary dilution)
1 gallon of solution is the same as
128 ounces
In texas the law states the minimum of ____ gallon(s) is injected into a body per ____ pounds of body weight
1
50
The minimum strength of preservative chemicals is ____.
1.5% -2.0%
How much of a 20 index fluid will it take to make 2 gallons of a 2% injection solution? Solving for V; C= 20 V= ? C'= 2 V'= 256 (2 gallons x 128)
20 x V = 2 x 256
20V = 512
20V/20 = 512/20
V = 25.6 oz REMEMBER TO CIRCLE YOUR ANSWER PER MR. MOEN!
Calculate the number of ounces of a 32 index fluid needed to make a 4% formaldehyde solution in 4 gallons of water…
C x V = C’ x V’ (Index x Fluid = % x Water)
32 x V = 4x (4 x 128)
32V = 4 x 512
32v/32 = 2048/32
Answer: V= 64oz
Calculate the original index of an arterial fluid, if you used 2 bottles of it to make 3 gallons of a 2% formaldehyde solution.
C x V = C’ x V’ (index x fluid = % x water)
C x (2 x 16) = 2 x (3 x 128)
C x 32 = 2 x 384
32c/32 = 768/32
Answer: C = 24 index
How much water should be used to attain a 1% formaldehyde solution, if you used 2 bottles of a 20 index fluid?
CxV = C’xV’ (index x fluid = % x water)
20 x ( 2x16) = 1 x V’
20 x 32 = 1V’
640/1 = 1V’/1
V’= 640/128 (because you’re looking for gallons, remember to divide by 128!)
Answer: V'= 5 gallons
What would the percentage of formaldehyde in solution be, if you used 4 bottles of a 25 index arterial fluid in 4 gallons of water?
CxV=C’xV’ (index x fluid = % x water)
25 x (4 x 16) = C’ x (4 x 128)
25 x 64 = C’ x 512
1600/512 = 512C’/512
Answer: C' = 3.125%
State the law in Texas regarding the percentage of formaldehyde that must be used when permission to embalm a body. Then calculate the number of ounces of a 23 index fluid needed to embalm a Texas person that weighed 250 pounds.
CxV= C’xV’ (index x fluid = % x water)
23 x V = 1 x (5x128)
23V/23 = 640/23
=27.826 —-> 28
Answer: V= 28oz
The weakening of the embalming fluid by the fluids in the body, both vascular and interstitial (“tissue fluid”) is known as ____.
Secondary Dilution
Conditions that will cause secondary dilution to vary are ____ and ____.
Edema (any form of edema will always INCREASE secondary dilution)
Dehydration (any dehydration will always DECREASE the secondary dilution)
The movement of embalming solution from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries is ____; one of the factors arterial embalming is based on is ____.
Fluid Distribution
Color Change
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until a uniform concentration is reached this is known as _____
Fluid Diffusion
This positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming fluid through the capillary wall to mix with the interstitial fluids is ____; the movement from an intravascular to and extravascular position.
pressure filtration
The passage of a solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane is _____.
Osmosis
The process by which most embalming chemicals move from the interstitial fluids through the cell wall and into the cell is another description of ____
Osmosis
A solution having a less concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared is ____.
Hypotonic Solution
A ____ will move toward the more concentrated solution, try to create a state of equilibrium (balance) between the two.
Hypotonic Solution
____ is a solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that to which it is compared
Isotonic Solution
____ tends to be no movement, since the two solutions are already in a state of equilibrium (balance)
Isotonic Solution
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared is a _____.
Hypertonic Solution
____ will not move; instead the other solution will move toward it to create equilibrium (balance)
Hypertonic Solutions
____ is the separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
Dialysis
____ is the extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body
Gravity Filtration
Distention of superficial veins, large volumes of blood drainage, reduction of intravascular blood discoloration, dye tracing, loss of elasticity of tissue, drying of tissues, tissue distention (seen in the lips fingertips), and bleaching of tissue are all signs of fluid _____ and _____
Distribution and Diffusion
Increasing rate of flow, increasing injection pressure, restricting the drainage (increasing intravascular pressure), massaging the body, and lowering the arms are all methods of ____ fluid distribution.
Improving.
