Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Embalming 2 > Embalming 2 Exam 1 > Flashcards

Embalming 2 Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

They are injected to disinfect, temporarily preserve and restore the dead human body without causing objectionable change in the tissues.

A

Vascular (ARTERIAL) fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Examples of risk or dangers of injecting vascular chemicals:

A
  1. Distention/swelling

2. Adverse color change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why called vascular arterial fluid
85% of blood shift to venous side.

Most arteries have less intravascular resistance. None disease arteries have smmoth inner surface with no liquid coming out when open.

A

Generally classified by index

Lowest index is in jaundice fluid is 8-10 highest index 36 (as preservatives - only formaldehyde)
50 index uses other chemicals besides formaldehyde
Have 3 different index on shelf

3 classifications of Vascular/Arterial fluids
Strong, Medium, Weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

(the number of grams of formaldehyde gas dissolved in 100 ml of water); usually given in a percentage.

A

index

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

having an index of 28 - 36.
Causes a rapid tissue coagulation.
Causes a definite degree of firmness,
used most often on “special cases.” (Ship-out, floaters, decomposition, edema (edemaco), outgoing, drowning, etc.)
Saturation point of formaldehyde within the product is 37% by weight and 40 % by volume

A

Strong (high)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

having an index of 19 - 27.
Sometimes referred to as semi-firming or cosmetic fluid. (Oil based / cosmetic fluid/shade pink or red or orange).
Results in a more natural texture/tone & moderate firming of tissues. Normal Cases
Max preservation time is 7-10 days

A

Medium (cosmetic arterial fluid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

any fluid with an index of 8 - 18.
Produces a minimum firmness of tissues.
Least amount of firming action
Infant cases or emaciated adults 80 lbs or less
Immersion embalming recommended for infants

A

Weak

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Components of arterial fluids

A 
Preservative
Supplementary Germicides
Anticoagulants
Vehicle
Perfuming Agents/Masking Agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Chemical which inactivates saprophytic bacteria renders unsuitable for nutrition the media upon which bacteria thrive, and which will arrest decomposition by altering enzymes of the body as well as converting the decomposable tissue to a form less susceptible to decomposition.

A

Preservative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Actions of preservative chemicals:

A 
Inactivated the chemical group of proteins (muscles) amino acids
Inhibits further decomposition
Inactivates some enzymes
Kills some microorganisms – not all
Destroys odors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of preservatives

A

Aldehydes
Alcohols
Phenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
general formula (R-CHO) functional group
characteristic name ending in “-AL” (means ALCOHOL
deprived of hydration – common name Formaldehyde)
A

Aldehydes

  1. Formaldehyde
  2. Gluteraldehyde
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Produced by the partial oxidation of methylalcohol (methanol)
HCHO or CH 2 0
In its free state it is a gas – soluble in water which forms a formula. Water is the universal solvent. Every solvent has a different saturation rate.

A

Formaldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Tries to prevent formaldehyde from converting to a solid form.
Used to manufacture formaldehyde.
Paraformaldehyde – solid form of formaldehyde

A

methylalcohol (methanol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Characteristic of formaldehyde

A

Colorless gas (in its free state)
Has an irritating and unpleasant odor – pundgent
Freely soluble in water
Combines with tissue protein
Is a monoaldehyde (one functional aldehyde group; H-”CHO” ) one CHO - a dehydrating chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

classified as a dialdehyde (Two functional aldehyde groups). Made of 5 carbons.
Reacts with protein over a wide pH range.
Rigor mortis is a post mortem chemical change* pH5

A

Gluteraldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

general formula R-OH with name ending in “-OL”

A

alcohols

  1. Methyl alcohol
  2. Ethyalcohol
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(wood alcohol) Formula: CH3 OH
1st use - Used commercially to manufacture formaldehyde
2nd use - Added to production of chemical antipolymerizeing agent to prevent poloritization ie: telflon

A

Methyalcohol (methanol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

(grain alcohol) only one fit for human consumption

A

Ethyalcohol (ethanol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

obtained by the distillation of coal tar. Formula: C6 H5 OH

    1. cauterizer – use to prevent leakage on embalmed bodies
    2. bleaching agent  -  inject it do not use as a surface application
A

Phenol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chemicals added for the purpose of destroying disease causing microorganisms.

A

Supplementary Germicides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of Supplementary Germicides:

A

Glutaraldehyde

Quaternary ammonium compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

better disinfectant used as a supplementary germicide.

A

Glutaraldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

agents that are usually used for disinfection of skin, oral, nasal cavities, and instruments. EXAMPLES: Benzalkonium and Zephrian

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Chemicals which retard the tendency of blood to become more viscous by natural postmortem processes or prevent adverse reactions between blood and other embalming chemicals.

A

Anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

(This process is primarily accomplished by breaking down the calcium in the blood and water.)
Also known as water conditioners or water softeners. These chemicals help keep blood in a liquid state.

A

Anticoagulants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Examples of anticoagulants

A

Sodium citrate

Sodium salt of EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

white, odorless, crystalline or granular material is often used for its anticoagulation. This compound inactivates calcium in the blood as well as in the water supply. W/O calcium, blood coagulation does not occur. (1st of 2 chemicals that have dual purpose in embalming)

A

Sodium citrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

very effective sequestering or chelating agents, means – they are readily combined with calcium ions to prevent blood coagulation and also to remove hardness chemicals from the water supply.

A

Sodium salt of EDTA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Liquids that serve as a solvent for the numerous ingredients that are incorporated into embalming fluids.
They must serve as the carrier of the components found in the arterial solution.

A

Vehicle

Most common is water.
Alcohols will also serve as a vehicle. (tincture)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Chemicals having the capability of displacing an unpleasant odor or of altering an unpleasant odor so that it is converted to a more pleasant odor.

A

Perfuming agents or masking agents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Examples of perfuming agents

A 
Methylsalicylate (oil of wintergreen)
Benzaldehyde (oil of almonds)
Oil of sassafras
Oil of cloves
(Perfuming agents do not eliminate the effects that formaldehyde has on the operator.)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Substances which will, upon being dissolved, impart a definite color to the embalming solution and/or body tissues.

A

Dyes (coloring agents)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Classifications of Dyes:

A 
Cosmetic dyes (active) 
Non-cosmetic (inactive)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

will impart a color to the body tissue. 1 to 2 oz

A

Cosmetic dyes (active)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

will stain the concentrated arterial fluid.

A

Non-cosmetic (inactive)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Examples of dyes (active)

A
  1. Eosin - red
  2. Ponceau red - red
  3. Erythrosine - brown-red tint.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Also called - surface tension reducers, wetting agents, surface active agents.
A chemical that reduces the molecular cohesion of a liquid so that it can flow through smaller apertures.
Used in promoting fluid diffusion.
Chemicals in dishwashing detergents that prevent sports on glasses.

A

Surfactants:

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Example of sufactants (wetting agents)

A

Sulfonate oils -

Sodium lauryl sulfate (coconut oil)

39
Q

Chemicals added to the embalming solution to deal with varying demands based upon the type of embalming, the environment, and the embalming fluid to be used.

Chemicals which control the rate and extent of embalming operation.

A

Modifying agents

  1. Humectants
  2. Buffers
40
Q

A chemical that increases the ability of embalmed tissue to retain moisture (chemical that helps to control dehydration) used on emaciated/loss of tissue & dehydrated cases

A

Humectants

41
Q

Chemicals used as humectaus are:

A

a. Glycerol – thick stuff, member of alcohol family (glycerin)
b. Sorbitol - has 5 OH
c. Lanolin’s – message cream, oil based. Emollient
d. Glycol – has 2 OH groups – dihydroxy alcohol, active ingredients in radiator fluid.

42
Q

Chemicals that will affect the acid-base balance (pH) within embalming solutions and in the embalmed tissue.

A

Buffers

43
Q

Buffers Examples

A

a. Borax – reduces the hardening & graying action of formaldehyde.
b. Citrates
c. Sodium salt of EDTA
d. Sodium Phosphates -

44
Q

Formulated to produce maximum disinfection and preservation with a minimum amount of fluid.

A

Cavity fluids

45
Q

Composition of cavity fluid.

A
  1. Preservatives
  2. Germicides
  3. Vehicle (primarily alcohols)
  4. Perfuming agents
46
Q

Fluid injected primarily to prepare the vascular system and body tissues for the injection of the preservative vascular solution. These fluids will also help keep the blood in a liquid state.

A

Pre-injection fluids

47
Q

Components of pre-injection fluids

A
  1. Anticoagulants
  2. Surfactants
  3. Humectants
  4. Vehicle (primarily water)
  5. Water Conditioning Agents
  6. No concentration of a preservative, if any.
48
Q

A fluid(s) used primarily to supplement and enhance the action of the vascular (arterial) solution.

A

Co-injection fluids

49
Q

A special vascular fluid with special bleaching and coloring qualities for use on bodies with jaundice; usually with a low formaldehyde content. (16 oz per 1 Gal)

A

Jaundice fluids

50
Q

Components of jaundice fluids:

A

Bleaching agents
High concentration of dye (red)
Low formaldehyde (HCHO) content

51
Q

A chemical in power form that has the ability to absorb and has a limited amount of disinfection ability. (sold in powder form 25-50 lbs pails)

A

Hardening compounds

52
Q

Composition

Plaster of Paris - dehydrating agent
Paraformaldehyde - white solid form of formaldehyde, disinfectant
Wood power - dehydrating agent, moisture absorbent
Alum - dehydrating agent

A

1

53
Q

A chemical in power form; typically used for surface embalming of remains.
Will help to control maggots and vermin.

Usually has a high concentration of preservative - Paraformaldehyde
They do not have the absorbent and drying qualities.

A

Preservative Powers

54
Q

Materials used to provide a barrier or seal against any type of leakage of fluid or blood.

A

Sealing agents

55
Q

Types Sealing agents

A

Power
Spray
Liquids

56
Q

Either in a liquid or gel form, used to dry and harden lesions, excisions and cavities.

A

Surface applications

57
Q

any substance that imperils/hinders health or life when absorbed into the body.

A

Poison

58
Q

poisonous substance produced by higher plants, animals, or bacteria that is toxic or poisonous to humans.

A

Toxin

59
Q

Lethal Dose 50%, amount poison or radiation that will kill 50% or ½ of the group to whom it has been given.

A

LD – 50

60
Q

smallest dose of poison or radiation on record that causes death. EXOTOXIN 0.00001gm or 8oz of milk – botchulism

A

MLD – Minimum Lethal Dose

61
Q

polish remover, solvent used to clean ink off fingerprinted hands, on cotton to rid fingerprint from wax.

A

acetones

62
Q

methanol, wood alcohols 1used commercially to manufacture formaldehyde, 2 used as anti-polymerizing agent to prevent formaldehyde returning to solid state.

A

alcohols

63
Q

grain alcohol, used as preservatives, vehicle in cavity fluids.

A

Ethanol

64
Q

have presence of at least one halogen, chemical name “Group 7 Elements”, common name is salt formers. Chlorine, florine, bromine, iodine, carbon tetrachchloride (solvent)

A

alkyl halides

65
Q

3 c1’s Chloroform used as a disinfectant

4 c1’s Carbon Tectrachloride – solvent or used as instrument disinfection

A

1

66
Q

used in powder form, added to jaundice fluids as active red dye

A

amaranth (red dye #2)

67
Q

white crystal solid substance used as herbicide, added to hardening compound & preservatives powders

A

amitrole

68
Q

(NH3) active ingredient in disinfection chemicals, used to neutralize formaldehyde. acid to base = salts (urotropin) plus water.

A

ammonia

69
Q

key tone derived from the tree from the same name, used as solvent.

A

camphor

70
Q

lysol – used as a disinfectant / deodorizer air freshener

A

cresol

71
Q

light brown powder used as fungicide / kills fungus, prevent future mold growth

A

dichlorophene

72
Q

colorless liquid used as solvent

A

diethanol amine

73
Q

colorless oily liquid used as a solvent

A

diethyl formamide

74
Q

clear liquid with fruit like odor used as perfuming agent.

A

ethyl acetate

75
Q

used as anticoagulant in pre-injection & with co-injection chemicals used as buffer.

A

EDTA (Sodium salt)

76
Q

in free state gas, soluble in water, used as preservative

A

formaldehyde

77
Q

colorless liquid used as solvent and bleaching agent. Acidic when less than pH 7

A

formic acid

78
Q

one of two supplementary germicides, for superior disinfectant than formaldehyde. has 5 carbon atoms, no glutaraldehyde standard

A

glutaraldehyde

79
Q

dihydroxy alcohols, used as humectants and moisture retainments in embalming fluids ie (antifreeze).

A

glycols

80
Q

bleaches NaOCl – sodium hyplorite – household bleach is the 1:10, exposed to formaldehyde it forms deadly orange gas

A

hypochlorites

81
Q

substance used as propellent in aerosol spray products

A

isobutane

82
Q

colorless liquid similar to acetone used as solvent

A

methyl ethyl ketone

83
Q

turpentine, paint thinner used to clean cosmetics brushes

A

mineral spirits

84
Q

(tissue builder) injection to help build-up/rebuild where tissue has been lost, injectu as liquid that turns to gel

A

nitrocellulose

85
Q

colorless liquid used as insecticide. Added to preservative powders & embalming chemical gels

A

orthodichlorobenzene

86
Q

colorless solid used as stripping agent

A

oxalic acid

87
Q

(moth balls) & used as mold preventative agent.

A

paradichlorobenzene

88
Q

white solid form of formaldehyde, main preservatives used in preservative powders.

A

paraformaldehyde

89
Q

cauturiers prevents leakage / bleaching agents on hand do it as injection not a cavity pack when applied to skin (rust in color).

A

phenol / phenolic compounds

90
Q

primary dehydrating agent used in hardening compound, Most funeral home keep it in solid granular powder form, used to create a cast of a broken area for restorative work in prep room

A

Plaster of Paris

91
Q

used as a propellant in sprays. (BBQ gas) source of power.

A

propane

92
Q

finishing powder comes in flesh or white color to take shine off oil based cosmetics

A

quartz

93
Q

used for supplementary germicide
Benzalkonium
Zephrian Chloride

A

quaternary ammonium compounds

94
Q

finishing powder comes in flesh or white color to take shine off oil based cosmetics

A

talc

95
Q

colorless liquid used as solvent.

A

toluene

Embalming 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions