Embalming 2 Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When is the determination of which vessels to raise for injection done?

A

During case analysis (pre-embalming)
Determining which vessels to raise for injection is done during THE case analysis

Selection of arteries
Considerations and precautions (advantages/disadvantages)
Factors governing selection of arteries for injection
Proper technique for raising vessels
TYPES OF INCISION & CLOSURES

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2
Q

Selection of arteries

Considerations and precautions (advantages/disadvantages) based upon:

A
  1. Accessibility (easy to get to vessels)

2. Arterial occlusion (blockage/hardening of arteries through calcium)

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3
Q
  1. Accessibility (easy to get to vessels)
A
Superficial or deep 
Surrounding structures 
Size (diameter)
Proximity to aorta 
Accessibility for drainage from corresponding vein
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4
Q

Superficial or deep (closer to surface -thicker fat in femoral area vs neck area)

Surrounding structures (scar tissue/tough or large growth/restructured parts are reason to avoid area)

Size (diameter) - use appropriate size tube (the larger the tube to allow fluid to flow & correct amount of pressure & rate of flow for better results)

A

Proximity to aorta (center of embalming is the arch of aorta into brachocephalus, left common carotid, left subclavian)

Accessibility for drainage from corresponding vein (all blood clots come to right atrium & can be removed with drainage tube to retard decomp)

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5
Q

Arterial occlusion (blockage/hardening of arteries through calcium)

A

1

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6
Q

Factors governing selection of arteries for injection

A
  1. Age:
  2. Weight (corpulence)
  3. Disfiguration
  4. Disease
  5. Edema
  6. Obstruction
  7. Trauma
  8. Medico - legal requirements
  9. Cause and manner of death
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7
Q

Age:
Infant (dissect below belly button & inject thru descending abdominal aorta & drain from IVC (lies lateral right to DAA, same size as adult brachial) vs. adult

Weight (corpulence) fatter heavier people have more fatty tissue in femoral area

Disfiguration - scar tissue, arthritis

Disease - can be caused by trauma, cancer, goes hand in hand with disfiguration, etc.

A

Edema - excessive fluids, inject more stronger fluid

Obstruction - arterial vascular or extravascular blood clots (should happen within 1st 2 Gal, more blood removed better disinfection & distribution)

Trauma - wound or injury ie. cut off limb

Medico - legal requirements

Cause and manner of death (could be related to medico-legal requirements, if sepsis catch drainage material in separate container)

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8
Q

Proper technique for raising vessels

A
  1. Shave area if necessary (not shave over sharp edges to avoid razor burns
    1. Select instruments and prepare ligature or necessary instruments.
    2. Locate place of incision using linear guide.
    3. Make incision through skin, superficial fascia (yellow fat tissue) and deep fascia (surround blood vessels) used instruments in same direction as incision in blunt dissection
    4. Use blunt dissection through superficial fascia and deep fascia, and adipose tissue (fatty tissue).
    5. Locate vessels by use of anatomical guide (know structure used to locate vessels).
    6. Clean vessels by blunt dissection and ligate (tie off) vessels.
    7. Make incision in vessel.
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9
Q

TYPES OF INCISION

Incision can be made with Artery-Vein scissors, SS Scissors, scapula

A
  1. Transverse incision (perpendicular 90degree)
  2. Diagonal incision (oblique)
  3. “T” incision
  4. Double “T” incision
  5. Wedge incision (triangular)
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10
Q

(cut is perpendicular 90 degrees)
- most common method employed to open the artery or vein. Wide enough to insert tube. Cut is made from the edge of the vessel to the center of the vessel.

A

Transverse incision (perpendicular 90degree)

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11
Q

Cutting at an oblique angle

A

Diagonal incision (oblique)

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12
Q

used for drain tube from neck, short perpendicular horizontal & long parallel vertical

A

“T” incision

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13
Q

2 “Ts” width perpendicular not as wide or close to edge

A

Double “T” incision

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14
Q

used on sclerotic artery cuz does least damage to walls of vessels that are diseased

A

Wedge incision (triangular)

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15
Q

Suture for closure

A
A    Baseball    
B    Intradermal
            Single needle 
C    Lock stitch
D    Whip or roll stitch 
E    Draw stitch (purse string)
F.    Basket weave
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16
Q

most common stitch, named cuz if done properly looks like a baseball stitch.

A

Baseball

17
Q

least leak poof, form least common ridge, hidden stitch under the skin except last end - used on viewable lesions or cut on the face or hand that can be seen in casket

A

Intradermal

Single needle ( single intradermal suture) 
double needle (use 2 different needles start from different ends/ear ie autopsy bald head)
18
Q

most leak proof suture, used on spinal autopsy & organ donation case

A

Lock stitch

19
Q

continuous suture, used to close long incisions, prevent leakage of fluids from body cavities during transfer from hospital to funeral home

A

Whip or roll stitch

20
Q

(purse string)

A

Draw stitch

21
Q

reinforcing anchor for restorative wax

A

Basket weave

22
Q

Other methods of closing the incision:

A

A Adhesives (erin alpha or topical sealants on dry small areas ie. Face or wrist)

B Surgical staples

23
Q

Terms associated with vascular injection

A

One point injection
Split injection/drainage
Multi-point injection
Restricted cervical

24
Q

One location is used for both injection and drainage.

Most common sites
Common carotid artery & Internal jugular vein
Femoral artery & vein

A

One point injection

25
Q

Injection from one location and drainage from a separate location.

Most common site
Injection - right femoral artery
Drainage - right internal jugular vein

A

Split injection/drainage

26
Q

Inject from two or more arteries
This procedure ensures better distribution throughout the body.

Most common site
Autopsy case aka 6 point

A

Multi-point injection

27
Q

Both common carotid arteries are raised.
Allows the head to be injected separately.
Extension/swelling of face, head trauma for restorative procedures

A

Restricted cervical