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Embalming 2 > Embalming 2 Exam 5 > Flashcards

Embalming 2 Exam 5 Flashcards

1
Q

action of a force against an opposing force (a force applied or acting against resistances).

A

PRESSURE

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2
Q

Recommended/Ideal pressure is whatever pressure is necessary to overcome initial vascular resistance and distribute embalming solution to all areas of the dead human body (ideal pressure) – adjective to describe pressure

A

1

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3
Q

speed at which fluid is injected measure in ounces per minute – PSI. Controlled by a valve on the embalming machine which controls the flow of fluid muck like a water faucet.

A

RATE OF FLOW

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4
Q

that which will ensure uniform distribution without causing (promoting) over distention (swelling).

A

Ideal rate of flow

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5
Q

METHODS OF CREATING PRESSURE

A 
Gravity Injector Method 
GRAVITY PROBLEMS
HAND PUMP
Bulb Syringe
Motorized Force Pump
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6
Q

consist of a glass bottle (PERCOLATOR), rubber tubing and a device to suspend the bottle above the point of injection.

A

Gravity Injector Method

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7
Q

Pressure is increased .43 pounds, (approximately ½) for every foot of elevation above the point of injection.

A 
Every 
    28 inches (2.33 feet) above injection creates 1 pound of pressure.
    56 inches (4.66 feet) above injection creates 2 pounds of pressure.
    84 inches (7.00 feet) above injection creates 3 pounds of pressure.
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8
Q

The percolator is elevated 5 feet above point of injection, how much injection pressure is created? 5 x .43 = 2.15 lbs.

To create 3 pounds of injection pressure how many feet, above the point of injection would the percolator need to be raised? 3 / .43 = 6.97 feet.

A

GRAVITY PROBLEMS

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9
Q

consist of a hand operated pump, tubing and a goose neck arrangement and glass fluid bottle.
Creates, injection pressure can be used for aspiration.
Over sized hypodermics syringe attached to bottle and used to create injection pressure or create pressure for aspiration.

A

HAND PUMP

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10
Q

used in combo with hand pump or percolator. Self contained soft rubber, manual pump. Used only to deliver fluid.
Simplest form of injection apparatus,
consist of a bulb type rubber syringe and rubber tubing.

A

Bulb Syringe

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11
Q

most commonly used method of crating injection pressure.
Two common types are:
PULSATING and NON-PULSATING

A

Motorized Force Pump (centrifugal)

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12
Q

Fluid injected in spurts.

A

PULSATING

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13
Q

Fluid injected on a continuous basis.

A

NON PULSATING

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14
Q

pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle which the injector motor is running and the arterial tubing is clamped off.

A

Potential Pressure

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15
Q

pressure indicated by the injector gauge needle when the arterial tube is open and the arterial solution is flowing into the body. (tells amount, it can be zero)

A

Actual Pressure

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16
Q

difference between potential and actual pressure. P-A=D (actual pressure fluid flowing in dead human body)

A

Differential Pressure

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17
Q

Consideration for Force Pump:
reliable,
wide pressure range, same as a high as 200 pounds.
Never leave empty, can create air bubbles or dry out gaskets
Constant pressure,
large unit volume, usually at least three gallons.

A

Precautions for force pumps:
needs frequent servicing,
requires constant attention of the operator.

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18
Q

(within the vessels venous side or arterial side.)
Condition of the vessels are normal versus sclerotic.
Femoral most common for sclerotic cuz distance from heart & less pressure.
Local congestion of blood in the area prevents the flow of additional fluid in an area. (Why want to embalm asap after death)

A

Intravascular influence

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19
Q

Extra vascular influence – (those outside the vessels)

A 
weight on the viscera
Gas in the viscera
Gas in the viscera
Tumors
Ascities 
Contact pressure
Edema of the extremities
20
Q

pressing mainly on the descending aorta.
*if embalming from the femoral – viscera will be embalmed first causing problems for circulation toward the head. Viscera may begin to harden.

A

weight on the viscera

21
Q

pressure against the descending aorta.

A

Gas in the viscera

22
Q

pressing against the outside wall of the arteries, outside the vascular system.

A

Tumors

23
Q

excess fluid in the abdominal cavities.

A

Ascities

24
Q

bandages, clothing, etc., also – contact with certain areas of the body with the embalming table and positioning devices.

A

Contact pressure

25
Q

caused by heart or kidney failure or venous obstruction.

Swollen ankles or tissue may have complications during embalming.

A

Edema of the extremities

26
Q

the time between death and embalming.

A

POST MORTEM INTERVAL

27
Q

Presence of Rigor Mortis – body is highly acidic (pH 5), once rigor is relieved body is alkaline again.

A

State of decomposition – still attempt vascular embalming, always try to keep decomposition from advancing any further. (caused by autolytic)

28
Q

Discoloration – blood pools to the lower region of the position of the body.

Livor Mortis or Cadaveric Lividity

A

1

29
Q

The dilution attained as the embalming solution is mixed in the embalming machine.
This is determined by the embalming analysis and prepared by the embalmer.

A

Primary Dilution

30
Q

To determine the strength of a primary dilution, the following formula may be employed: C x V = C’ x V’

A

C = the strength of the concentrated fluid (index) on the bottle of fluid.

V =    the amount (volume fluid) of the concentrated fluid.  The number of ounces of             fluid to be used.

C’ =    the strength of the diluted fluid (%).  The mixture of fluid and water in the embalming machine.

V’ =    the amount (volume water) of the diluted fluid.
31
Q

The state of Texas states that at least 1% of formaldehyde solution - most embalmers use 2% formaldehyde solution.

Recommended to inject one gallon of diluted fluid for every 50 pounds of body weight.

A

General information: 128 ounces in a gallon

Recommended strength of injection solution is 1.5 to 2.0%.

32
Q

The weakening of the embalming fluid by the fluids in the body, both vascular and interstitial.

A

Secondary dilution

33
Q

Conditions that will cause Secondary dilution to vary:

A

(1) edema

(2) dehydration

34
Q

any form of edema rather localized or generalized will increase the weakening of the embalming fluid

A

edema

35
Q

any amount will decrease the weakening of the embalming fluid

A

dehydration

36
Q

The movement of embalming (arterial) solution from the point of injection throughout the arterial system and into the capillaries.

A

Fluid Distribution

37
Q

The movement of molecules or other particulars in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until a uniform concentration is reached.

A

Fluid diffusion

38
Q

Processes related to fluid diffusion

A
  1. Pressure Filtration
  2. Osmosis
  3. Dialysis
  4. Gravity filtration
39
Q

The positive intravascular pressure causing passage of embalming fluid through the capillary wall to mix with the interstitial fluids.
The movement from an intravascular to an extra vascular position.

A

Pressure Filtration

40
Q

The passage of a solvent from a solution of lesser to one of greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane.

Process by which most embalming chemicals move from the interstitial fluids through the cell wall and into the cell.

A

Osmosis

41
Q

Possible solutions encountered in osmosis hypotonic solution

A

Hypotonic solution
Isotonic solution
Hypertonic solution

42
Q

A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.
Will move toward the more concentrated solution (try to create a state of equilibrium - balance between the two).

A

Hypotonic solution

43
Q

A solution having an equal concentration of dissolved solute to that to which it is compared.

Tends to be no movement, since the two solutions are already in a state of equilibrium/balance.

A

Isotonic solution

44
Q

A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared.

Will not move; instead the other solution will move toward it to create equilibrium/balance.

A

Hypertonic solution

45
Q

Separation of substances in solution by the difference in their rates of diffusion through a semipermeable membrane.

A

Dialysis

46
Q

The extravascular movement of preservative fluids by gravitational force to the dependent areas of the body.

A

Gravity filtration

47
Q

Signs of fluid distribution and diffusion

    1. Distention of superficial vessels.
    2. Large volume of blood drainage.
    3. Reduction of intravascular blood discoloration.
    4. Dye tracing
    5. Loss of elasticity of tissue (firming)
    6. Drying of tissues
    7. Tissue distention - seen in the lips and finger tips.
    8. Bleaching of the tissues.
A 
Methods of improving fluid distribution
    Increase the rate of flow
    Increase the injection pressure
    Restrict the drainage - this will increase intravascular pressure.
    Massage the body.
    Lower the arms.

Embalming 2 (7 decks)

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