The Family In Society Flashcards
variations in marriages today
cultural variations- number of spouses, minimum age, choice of partners
same sex marriages
second marriages
location of ceremony
benefits of pre marital courses
couples discuss what marriage means to them and their expectations of married life
strengthen couples listening and communication skills, reducing the risk of conflict
discuss certain issues eg alcoholism that may be worrying them, and councillor helps resolve
allows couples to discuss each others personal qualities and negative qualities that may have an unsettling effect on the marriage
marriage councelling
aims to assist couples and resolve marriage problems before they become grounds for separation or divorce
confidential service
free of charge
family mediation
couple meet in the presence of an impartial mediator
discuss issues relating to the separation: custody of children, division of finances
legal separation
when a couple can agree on terms
deed of separation drawn up by a solicitor
legally binding written contract
sets out future rights and duties ie agreement to live apart, responsibility and care of dependent children
define marriage
a socially and legally acceptable union between two persons, without distinction as to their sex, with the exclusion of all others
involves living together and remaining faithful
legal requirements for marriage in ireland
must take place in a registered venue, which has been approved and inspected by the registrar
three months written notice must be given to the registrar
both partners must be over 18
marriage must be entered voluntarily by both partners
rights and responsibilities of partners within marriage
each spouse is expected to remain faithful and loyal within a monogamous relationship
under the Maintenance of Spouse and Children Act 1976, each spouse has the responsibility to financially support one another and their children
legally, any child born must be looked after physically, morally and socially
couples are entitled to have sexual relations with one another to consummate the marriage
to inherit from each other under the Succession Act 1965, eg if a spouse dies and there are no children, spouse is entitled to entire state
conditions required for granting a divorce
spouses must have lived apart for 2 out of the 3 past years
no prospect of conciliation
adequate provisions have been made for the spouse and any dependent members of the family
culture
way of life of a society
language, music, behavioural patterns
customs passed from one generation to the next
norms
acceptable way of behaving in society
eg forming a queue
values
beliefs and attitudes regarding what is wrong and right
role
pattern of behaviour considered appropriate for a person according to their position in society
eg teacher, student
social, economical and technological changes that affect families today
social: divorce, equality of roles, introduction of contraception has reduced birth rates
economical: increase in the cost of living has led to smaller family sizes, many families and unemployed families rely on state benefits
technological: household appliances save time and labour ,
protection afforded to children under family law
Domestic Violence Act 1996: barring or protection order can be granted if dependent children are under threat of physical, sexual or psychological violence from a family member. if court order is broken: fine or imprisonment
Family Law Act 1976: financial support is paid for the benefit of dependent children, under 16 or under 18 if in full time education. Paid regardless of whether parents are living together or not
How irish family law protects citizens in the event of a marriage breakdown
The Family Law Act 1976 refers to the maintenance of spouses and children
The Domestic Violence Act 1996 grants barring orders and safety
three types of modern family structures
nuclear: parents and their children, small in size, average number of children is 1.4, often dual income households, often economically self sufficient
blended: two parents from previous relationships or marriages and their children, increasingly more common due to separation and divorce, bigger in size as two families + extended families are coming together, conflict can occur between step siblings
one parent families: one parent and his/her children, may be the result of death, separation, unplanned pregnancy, or by choice. approx. 87% of one parent families are female headed, lone parents often live with their parents for financial support
socialisation
the process by which an individual learns appropriate norms, behaviours, values and social skills in order to behave in a socially acceptable manner
socio economic group
classification of individuals in society based on their economic and social position in relation to others
lower middle and higher
social mobility
movement of individuals from one socio economic group to another
education, income and occupation allow this
social change
changes that occur within society due to major developments
eg technology and international events
kinship
relationships, family ties, family connections, blood relations and common ancestry
rights of children in society today
right to: life name and nationality education play and recreation protection from physical, sexual, psychological harm
causes of conflict between adults and adolescents + strategies to solve
high parental expectations: clear lines of communication
boyfriend/girlfriend: enlist the help of an objective non family member
drug/alcohol use: see from both sides, use I statements
Family Law Act 1976
if a relationship breaks down then maintenance must be paid to dependent spouse if they don’t have the resources to financially support themselves
an attachment of earnings order can be granted if the supporting spouse fails to pay maintenance
three components of family resource management
inputs
throughputs
outputs
two examples of family life which require management
meal planning
budgeting
how the family can meet physical needs of children
food: healthy balanced diet, pay attention to nutritional requirements of a growing child, limit intake of unhealthy
clothing: sufficient for modesty and protection
shelter: a warm home to live rest and play
how the family can meet psychological needs of chidlren
love: the affection that a child is shown will allow them to pass this into their own relationships
security and trust: the presence of a stable, dependable caregiver in a nurturing role
praise and encouragement: stable and happy home provides self esteem
challenges experienced by parents of a child with special needs
emotional support and assistance
modification of the home to assist physical disabilities
encouraging independence and allowing them to integrate into society
irish families pre-industrialisation
large families agriculture provided most employment arranged marriages common child mortality rates high segregated gender roles
irish families post industrialisation
decline in rural extended families, move toward nuclear family
couples married younger
couples married for love rather than economical reasons
1960s saw free 2nd level education for all
the modern irish family
dual income households
families are abroad seeking work
introduction of divorce - change in family structures
same sex marriage
economic function of the family
both parents work
children are provided for
working members pay taxes and spend money, adding to the economy
state support: social welfare
social function of the family
children learn how to behave in a socially acceptable manner by imitation and observation
children need constant discipline to help them learn a set of values
state support: pre,primary,secondary free education hidden curriculum
educational function of the family
family acts as the primary educator
pass on beliefs and customs through informal learning
support school work, help them reach their full potential
state support: ECCE, free primary and secondary
emotional function of the family
family cares for the emotional and psychological development of the child
provides: encouragement, love, security
helps the child develop a balanced personality in a safe environment
state support: parenting courses eg parent plus programmes
define family
the basic unit of society, which acts as a support for its members, and which transmits values from one generation to the next
what is the universality of the family
family is present in all known societies
the form may differ, but the concept is the same
childcare act 1991
makes provisions for the care of children by:
intervention: health boards have the authority to intervene in family situations
care order: health board may apply to the courts to facilitate the removal of a child into short or long term care
supervision order: may apply to the courts to be able to make visits to the child’s home to periodically to monitor health and welfare
the family home protection act 1976
protects the family home from being sold, mortgaged, leased or transferred without the consent of both spouses, regardless of who owns the home
if the court finds that the withholding of consent is unreasonable it can be dismissed
importance of making a will
ensures the wishes of the testator are carried out, by the executor
ensures that guardians and trustees are appointed to look after children if both parents die
raises awareness of CAT, so that it can be avoided as much as possible
procedure for making a will
employ a solicitor so that all legal requirements are met, to avoid the will being null and void
list all assets
appoint an executor
list beneficiaries
divide the estate (spouse gets 1/2 under succession act, 1/3 if there is children)
outline funeral arrangements
validate the will by writing, signing in the presence of two witnesses
store in safe space
status
position held by individuals relative to others within society
often defined by the amount of respect and prestige shown to them by others
can be:
ascribed: given at birth
achieved: gained through effort
universality of the family
the family is a group that exists, in some form, in al societies in the world
the form may change due to variations in culture, but the family is still the fundamental cornerstone of society
social changes affecting modern family structures
family law (divorce) act 1996
removal of marriage bar 1974 - women can work after marrying
same sex marriage 2015
economic changes affecting modern family structures
high cost of living
covid
increased state benefits
technological changes affecting modern family structures
automated household appliances
communication technology
entertainment technology
functions of family
economic social educational physical emotional
physical function of the family
should provide basic needs of its members, including shelter, food, warmth and clothing
safe environment for vulnerable members, eg elderly, children, disabled
procreation to ensure survival of human race
state support: child benefit, foster care
the school in marriage prep
SPHE examines relationship building skills
Home ec examines roles and responsibilities of married spouses
Religious education examines different religions views on marriage
the home in marriage prep
relationship they see at home contributes to their future relationships
learn necessary qualities eg communication, trust, compromise, respect
factors that affect marital stability
young age unrealistic expectations different role expectations dissimilar interests social problems unemployment infidelity
judicial separations
when a couple cannot agree on terms decree of j.s. is made under the judicial separation and family law reform act 1989 -one spouse committed adultery -unreasonable behaviour eg alcoholism -desertion of at least 1 year
grounds for nullity of marriage
one partner was under 18 or legally married
under duress
unable to consummate the marriage
normal marital relations unable because of psychiatric reasons
role overload
when a person tries to play many roles at the same time, causing feeling of stress and anxiety
especially common in women
role conflict
a person is playing many roles at one time, and the expectations of one role clash with another
eg a parent who has to be at work but their child is sick
role of children
learn to behave in acceptable manner
follow rules and simple chores
understanding right from wrong
role of adolescents
taking on extra responsibilities
more input in decisions and rules
role model for younger siblings
role of parents
caring and looking after their partner
reproducing to start a family
providing financially for family members
role of grandparents
helping their children financially eg paying deposit for house, due to high cost of living
helping with child minding
passing on values, knowledge, wisdom
social factors affecting changing roles of family
self sufficient nuclear family with egalitarian roles
women working, shared responsibility
older people less dependent on children due to better health and social welfare
economic factors affecting changing roles of family
both parents need to work
most teens attending third level = financial strain
more social welfare payments
importance of good communication
helps clarify rules/expectations
helps build trust among family members
develops listening skills
factors that enable older people to maintain their independence
social welfare payments
community care services
free travel from age of 66
supportive family and neighbours
difficulties faced by family member with special needs
lack of mobility
lack of independence
social isolation
fewer employment options
difficulties faced by family unit with special needs
isolation and exhaustion
reduction in income
increased expenditure
feelings of stress and guilt
how to respond to family member with special needs
adapt the home
encourage independence
provide emotional support
avail of all social welfare payments
enable ireland
non profit state funded
literacy and computer training for adults with disabilities
respite breaks
early services team provide services to children up to 6 eg play, social skills
rehab group
charity that promotes diversity and inclusion
- rehabcare provides health and social care services
- rehab enterprises employs people with disabilities
- national learning network provides training programmes eg computers
